{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161895154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3323","title":"Manawi: Using Multi-Word Expressions and Named Entities to Improve Machine Translation","display_name":"Manawi: Using Multi-Word Expressions and Named Entities to Improve Machine Translation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161895154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3323","mag":"2161895154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w14-3323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3323","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3323.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3323.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527631","display_name":"Liling Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-903X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124484","display_name":"Directorate-General for Interpretation","ror":"https://ror.org/03728bb41","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210124484"]}],"countries":["BE","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liling Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universitt des Saarlandes","Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universitt des Saarlandes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124484"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850693","display_name":"Santanu Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-6903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124484","display_name":"Directorate-General for Interpretation","ror":"https://ror.org/03728bb41","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210124484"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["BE","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santanu Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universitt des Saarlandes","Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universitt des Saarlandes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124484"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation Department Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101527631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124484","https://openalex.org/I91712215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4972,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95959015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8472518920898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7588939666748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7507303953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6845157146453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6444123983383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindi","display_name":"Hindi","score":0.5934226512908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5855569243431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5721824169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5700831413269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5552970170974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5257352590560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.4883424937725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity","display_name":"Named entity","score":0.45996931195259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.45551082491874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.42646247148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.41941478848457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3812488317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13085266947746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09437334537506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.06652283668518066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8472518920898438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7588939666748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7507303953170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6845157146453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6444123983383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519982507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568","display_name":"Hindi","level":2,"score":0.5934226512908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5855569243431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5721824169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5700831413269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5552970170974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5257352590560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.4883424937725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777889803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047676","display_name":"Named entity","level":2,"score":0.45996931195259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.45551082491874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.42646247148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41941478848457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3812488317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13085266947746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09437334537506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.06652283668518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w14-3323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3323","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3323.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.684.9407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.684.9407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://anthology.aclweb.org/W/W14/W14-3323.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/w14-3323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3323","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/W14-3323.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3829048491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3856523795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3981126665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Seventh Framework Programme","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5159139918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Marie Curie Actions","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5593277320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5702163051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G832089379","display_name":"EXPloiting Empirical appRoaches to Translation","funder_award_id":"317471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2161895154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2161895154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W1489181569","https://openalex.org/W1498763386","https://openalex.org/W1598964704","https://openalex.org/W1905522558","https://openalex.org/W2107947305","https://openalex.org/W2109530867","https://openalex.org/W2117278770","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2128192613","https://openalex.org/W2132225982","https://openalex.org/W2137550424","https://openalex.org/W2140030083","https://openalex.org/W2152114834","https://openalex.org/W2156985047","https://openalex.org/W2161202422","https://openalex.org/W2250947781","https://openalex.org/W2408504891","https://openalex.org/W2473760404","https://openalex.org/W2595715041","https://openalex.org/W2621423192","https://openalex.org/W3204351837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W2155874911","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W2032007337","https://openalex.org/W1884363728","https://openalex.org/W4253099099","https://openalex.org/W4386977977","https://openalex.org/W4313162113","https://openalex.org/W3198729192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,16],"describe":[1],"the":[2,10,19,31,40,43,51,72,87,99],"Manawi":[3,84],"1":[4],"(":[5],")":[6],"system":[7,85],"submitted":[8],"to":[9,66],"2014":[11],"WMT":[12],"translation":[13,91],"shared":[14],"task.":[15],"participated":[17],"in":[18],"English-Hindi":[20],"(EN-HI)":[21],"and":[22,27,63,70],"Hindi-English":[23],"(HI-EN)":[24],"language":[25],"pair":[26],"achieved":[28],"0.792":[29],"for":[30,38],"Translation":[32],"Error":[33],"Rate":[34],"(TER)":[35],"score":[36],"2":[37],"EN-HI,":[39],"lowest":[41],"among":[42],"competing":[44],"systems.":[45],"Our":[46],"main":[47],"innovations":[48],"are":[49],"(i)":[50],"usage":[52],"of":[53,74,89],"outputs":[54],"from":[55],"NLP":[56,96],"tools,":[57],"viz.":[58],"billingual":[59],"multi-word":[60],"expression":[61],"extractor":[62],"named-entity":[64],"recognizer":[65],"improve":[67],"SMT":[68],"quality":[69,92],"(ii)":[71],"introduction":[73],"a":[75],"novel":[76],"filter":[77],"method":[78],"based":[79],"on":[80],"sentence-alignment":[81],"features.":[82],"The":[83],"showed":[86],"potential":[88],"improving":[90],"by":[93],"incorporating":[94],"multiple":[95],"tools":[97],"within":[98],"MT":[100],"pipeline.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
