{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095881835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1035","title":"A Bayesian Mixed Effects Model of Literary Character","display_name":"A Bayesian Mixed Effects Model of Literary Character","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095881835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1035","mag":"2095881835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/p14-1035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1035","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1035.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1035.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058212934","display_name":"David Bamman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1171-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bamman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006779213","display_name":"Ted Underwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-1846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted Underwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801, USA","School of Information Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088517824","display_name":"Noah A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.4538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":187,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99366657,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"370","last_page":"379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.9211897850036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7076533436775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.6641413569450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.554669976234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.536505937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.36552348732948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1504921317100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10035035014152527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.9211897850036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7076533436775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6641413569450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.554669976234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.536505937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.36552348732948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1504921317100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10035035014152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/p14-1035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1035","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1035.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/p14-1035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1035","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1035.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306100","display_name":"National Endowment for the Humanities","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdm1p28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2095881835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2095881835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36903255","https://openalex.org/W560287614","https://openalex.org/W1486393111","https://openalex.org/W1542491098","https://openalex.org/W1568793342","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1789782362","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1983599491","https://openalex.org/W1996430422","https://openalex.org/W1996903695","https://openalex.org/W2021246180","https://openalex.org/W2030891299","https://openalex.org/W2076467305","https://openalex.org/W2095881835","https://openalex.org/W2096765155","https://openalex.org/W2100714283","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2122848636","https://openalex.org/W2139918346","https://openalex.org/W2140945425","https://openalex.org/W2160467647","https://openalex.org/W2163306339","https://openalex.org/W2165279024","https://openalex.org/W2167140078","https://openalex.org/W2169943035","https://openalex.org/W2189472871","https://openalex.org/W2250836735","https://openalex.org/W4229529760","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4242202317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503216044","https://openalex.org/W2393609567","https://openalex.org/W2369369044","https://openalex.org/W2354143083","https://openalex.org/W2372906645","https://openalex.org/W4319998713","https://openalex.org/W2366269494","https://openalex.org/W2353650902","https://openalex.org/W2347884623","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1],"the":[2,52,74,82],"problem":[3],"of":[4,13,54,77,84],"automatically":[5],"inferring":[6],"latent":[7],"character":[8,27],"types":[9,28],"in":[10,25],"a":[11,39,43,78],"collection":[12],"15,099":[14],"English":[15],"novels":[16],"published":[17],"between":[18],"1700":[19],"and":[20],"1899.":[21],"Unlike":[22],"prior":[23],"work":[24],"which":[26],"are":[29],"assumed":[30],"responsible":[31],"for":[32,51],"probabilistically":[33],"generating":[34],"all":[35],"text":[36],"associated":[37],"with":[38,73],"character,":[40],"we":[41,64],"introduce":[42],"model":[44],"that":[45,66],"employs":[46],"multiple":[47],"effects":[48],"to":[49,70],"account":[50],"influence":[53],"extra-linguistic":[55],"information":[56],"(such":[57],"as":[58],"author).":[59],"In":[60],"an":[61],"empirical":[62],"evaluation,":[63],"find":[65],"this":[67],"method":[68],"leads":[69],"improved":[71],"agreement":[72],"preregistered":[75],"judgments":[76],"literary":[79],"scholar,":[80],"complementing":[81],"results":[83],"alternative":[85],"models.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}