{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2251349042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1026","title":"Learning to Automatically Solve Algebra Word Problems","display_name":"Learning to Automatically Solve Algebra Word Problems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2251349042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1026","mag":"2251349042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/p14-1026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1026","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1026.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026189313","display_name":"Nate Kushman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-210X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nate Kushman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Articial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Articial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047026141","display_name":"Yoav Artzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-6144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoav Artzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067919401","display_name":"Luke Zettlemoyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8296-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Zettlemoyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010124873","display_name":"Regina Barzilay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regina Barzilay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Articial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Articial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026189313"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.8271,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":360,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99762418,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"271","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6855236291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5479720234870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.5197957754135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-problem","display_name":"Word problem (mathematics education)","score":0.47911548614501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4540953040122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44106024503707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.2517096698284149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21005681157112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1844039261341095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.07892918586730957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6855236291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5479720234870911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.5197957754135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90988201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255912","display_name":"Word problem (mathematics education)","level":2,"score":0.47911548614501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4540953040122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44106024503707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2517096698284149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21005681157112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1844039261341095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07892918586730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/p14-1026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1026","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1026.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.649.1317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.649.1317","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.csail.mit.edu/nkushman/papers/acl2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/99744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/p14-1026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/p14-1026","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/P14-1026.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G142271431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0835652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2251349042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2251349042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496189301","https://openalex.org/W1508977358","https://openalex.org/W1559723967","https://openalex.org/W1923162067","https://openalex.org/W2013938288","https://openalex.org/W2077824186","https://openalex.org/W2096968458","https://openalex.org/W2102258316","https://openalex.org/W2111526438","https://openalex.org/W2111856671","https://openalex.org/W2118781169","https://openalex.org/W2118928552","https://openalex.org/W2122223050","https://openalex.org/W2123661878","https://openalex.org/W2127413953","https://openalex.org/W2129629813","https://openalex.org/W2142327972","https://openalex.org/W2142898321","https://openalex.org/W2160581145","https://openalex.org/W2163234897","https://openalex.org/W2163274265","https://openalex.org/W2163561827","https://openalex.org/W2165516035","https://openalex.org/W2170329722","https://openalex.org/W2170732969","https://openalex.org/W2175619924","https://openalex.org/W2185615741","https://openalex.org/W2189089430","https://openalex.org/W2251089933","https://openalex.org/W2251673953","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W4205228186","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310527795","https://openalex.org/W3192589309","https://openalex.org/W2970166416","https://openalex.org/W4235762796","https://openalex.org/W2800057389","https://openalex.org/W2970986883","https://openalex.org/W2937816712","https://openalex.org/W1995096030","https://openalex.org/W2952859614","https://openalex.org/W1928311635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,59],"present":[1],"an":[2,30],"approach":[3],"for":[4,95],"automatically":[5],"learning":[6,45,93],"to":[7,18,40,88],"solve":[8,21],"algebra":[9,68],"word":[10,69],"problems.":[11],"Our":[12],"algorithm":[13,46],"reasons":[14],"across":[15],"sentence":[16],"boundaries":[17],"construct":[19],"and":[20,35],"a":[22,63],"system":[23,74],"of":[24,32,67,80],"linear":[25],"equations,":[26],"while":[27],"simultaneously":[28],"recovering":[29],"alignment":[31],"the":[33,41,56,73,81,84,91],"variables":[34],"numbers":[36],"in":[37,83],"these":[38],"equations":[39,53],"problem":[42],"text.":[43],"The":[44],"uses":[47],"varied":[48],"supervision,":[49],"including":[50],"either":[51],"full":[52],"or":[54],"just":[55],"final":[57],"answers.":[58],"evaluate":[60],"performance":[61],"on":[62],"newly":[64],"gathered":[65],"corpus":[66],"problems,":[70],"demonstrating":[71],"that":[72],"can":[75],"correctly":[76],"answer":[77],"almost":[78],"70%":[79],"questions":[82],"dataset.":[85],"This":[86],"is,":[87],"our":[89],"knowledge,":[90],"first":[92],"result":[94],"this":[96],"task.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
