{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2293834552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1099","title":"A Word Embedding Approach to Predicting the Compositionality of Multiword Expressions","display_name":"A Word Embedding Approach to Predicting the Compositionality of Multiword Expressions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2293834552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1099","mag":"2293834552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1099","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1099.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1099.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019218714","display_name":"Bahar Salehi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-1263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bahar Salehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037912029","display_name":"Paul Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-9072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103085805","display_name":"Timothy Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-1386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019218714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I42894916"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8096,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99436291,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"977","last_page":"983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-compositionality","display_name":"Principle of compositionality","score":0.9314806461334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8022062182426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6530279517173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.5262612104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5022966861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.47300225496292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.46568480134010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.26450955867767334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121375916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936559","display_name":"Principle of compositionality","level":2,"score":0.9314806461334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8022062182426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6530279517173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5262612104415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5022966861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.47300225496292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.46568480134010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.26450955867767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1099","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1099.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1099","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1099.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6194240451","display_name":"National ICT Australia","funder_award_id":"NICTA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2293834552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2293834552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25517462","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W1593106025","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1847856012","https://openalex.org/W1889268436","https://openalex.org/W1984052055","https://openalex.org/W2117082935","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2118090838","https://openalex.org/W2123215530","https://openalex.org/W2126168798","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2162051953","https://openalex.org/W2162456950","https://openalex.org/W2170690622","https://openalex.org/W2224490803","https://openalex.org/W2251026193","https://openalex.org/W2251195978","https://openalex.org/W2251682575","https://openalex.org/W2251803266","https://openalex.org/W2251874715","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2769572562","https://openalex.org/W2964266863","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4301691548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W86971241","https://openalex.org/W947140380","https://openalex.org/W4286432911","https://openalex.org/W4230884544","https://openalex.org/W2911655849","https://openalex.org/W3216571906","https://openalex.org/W3194985222","https://openalex.org/W4245453790","https://openalex.org/W4214830338","https://openalex.org/W3101154008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,12],"first":[4],"attempt":[5],"to":[6,10],"use":[7],"word":[8,22,38],"embeddings":[9,39],"predict":[11],"compositionality":[13,61],"of":[14,67],"multiword":[15,68],"expressions.":[16],"We":[17],"consider":[18],"both":[19],"single-and":[20],"multi-prototype":[21],"embeddings.":[23],"Experimental":[24],"results":[25,49],"show":[26],"that,":[27],"in":[28],"combination":[29],"with":[30],"a":[31,41],"back-off":[32],"method":[33,42],"based":[34],"on":[35],"string":[36],"similarity,":[37],"outperform":[40],"using":[43],"count-based":[44],"distributional":[45],"similarity.":[46],"Our":[47],"best":[48],"are":[50],"competitive":[51],"with,":[52],"or":[53],"superior":[54],"to,":[55],"state-of-the-art":[56],"methods":[57],"over":[58],"three":[59],"standard":[60],"datasets,":[62],"which":[63],"include":[64],"two":[65,71],"types":[66],"expressions":[69],"and":[70],"languages.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
