{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2181989146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1033","title":"Multi-Target Machine Translation with Multi-Synchronous Context-free Grammars","display_name":"Multi-Target Machine Translation with Multi-Synchronous Context-free Grammars","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2181989146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1033","mag":"2181989146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1033","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1033.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1033.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068811427","display_name":"Graham Neubig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2072-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Neubig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan","Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Sanction Kyoto Treaty"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Sanction Kyoto Treaty","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006940044","display_name":"Philip Arthur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan","Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Sanction Kyoto Treaty"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Sanction Kyoto Treaty","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070418792","display_name":"Kevin Duh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-4383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Duh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan","Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Sanction Kyoto Treaty"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Sanction Kyoto Treaty","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.823,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73706011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"293","last_page":"302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8609027862548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8550882339477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.8004012107849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7072690725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6740634441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","score":0.6241521239280701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5904623866081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5396971106529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.5171322226524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.516771674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammar","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","score":0.48141026496887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.47431254386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.4475489556789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.4230750799179077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8609027862548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8550882339477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8004012107849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7072690725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6740634441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51802942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662211","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","level":4,"score":0.6241521239280701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5904623866081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5396971106529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.5171322226524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.516771674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.48141026496887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.47431254386901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.4475489556789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.4230750799179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1033","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1033.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.724.6430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.724.6430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cl.naist.jp/%7Ekevinduh/papers/neubig15multitarget.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1033","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1033.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5510401935","display_name":"Automatic Prediction of Reasons for Translation, and Use within Machine Translation Systems","funder_award_id":"25730136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2181989146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2181989146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11511616","https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W42707549","https://openalex.org/W204945112","https://openalex.org/W222053410","https://openalex.org/W1606076566","https://openalex.org/W2018967998","https://openalex.org/W2033593667","https://openalex.org/W2096389047","https://openalex.org/W2109664771","https://openalex.org/W2113788796","https://openalex.org/W2115008667","https://openalex.org/W2144600658","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2156985047","https://openalex.org/W2159705183","https://openalex.org/W2159712545","https://openalex.org/W2184135559","https://openalex.org/W2250548645","https://openalex.org/W2437005631","https://openalex.org/W2626190081","https://openalex.org/W4241645538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W1559710535","https://openalex.org/W3036784334","https://openalex.org/W4312364893","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W4321010057","https://openalex.org/W2166769824","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W1656514314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,8,30,50,67,105,110],"method":[3,23],"for":[4,34,89],"simultaneously":[5],"translating":[6],"from":[7,49],"single":[9],"source":[10],"language":[11,32,52,107,114],"to":[12,56,70,82,120],"multiple":[13,84],"target":[14,113],"languages":[15],"T1,":[16,61],"T2,":[17],"etc.":[18],"The":[19],"motivation":[20],"behind":[21],"this":[22],"is":[24],"that":[25,101],"if":[26],"we":[27,44,74],"only":[28],"have":[29],"weak":[31],"model":[33,53,108],"T1":[35,39],"and":[36,40,86,94],"translations":[37,59],"in":[38,60,109],"T2":[41,55],"are":[42],"associated,":[43],"can":[45,115],"use":[46],"the":[47,58,76],"information":[48],"strong":[51,106],"over":[54],"disambiguate":[57],"providing":[62],"better":[63],"translation":[64,103],"results.":[65],"As":[66],"specific":[68],"framework":[69],"realize":[71],"multi-target":[72,102],"translation,":[73],"expand":[75],"formalism":[77],"of":[78,118],"synchronous":[79],"context-free":[80],"grammars":[81],"handle":[83],"targets,":[85],"describe":[87],"methods":[88],"rule":[90],"extraction,":[91],"scoring,":[92],"pruning,":[93],"search":[95],"with":[96,104],"these":[97],"models.":[98],"Experiments":[99],"find":[100],"similar":[111],"second":[112],"provide":[116],"gains":[117],"up":[119],"0.8-1.5":[121],"BLEU":[122],"points.":[123],"1":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}