{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1518951372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1020","title":"A Neural Network Approach to Context-Sensitive Generation of Conversational Responses","display_name":"A Neural Network Approach to Context-Sensitive Generation of Conversational Responses","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1518951372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1020","mag":"1518951372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1020","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1020.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1020.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108137151","display_name":"Alessandro Sordoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123156","display_name":"Montagu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbmha33","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110846","https://openalex.org/I4210123156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Sordoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIRO, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, Canada","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIRO, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107838508","display_name":"Michel Galley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Galley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083212922","display_name":"Michael Auli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-4459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Auli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook AI Research, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook AI Research, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015656536","display_name":"Chris Brockett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Brockett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085302513","display_name":"Yangfeng Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-486X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangfeng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046235098","display_name":"Margaret Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7043-6545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018977183","display_name":"Jian\u2010Yun Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123156","display_name":"Montagu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbmha33","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110846","https://openalex.org/I4210123156"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Yun Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIRO, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, Canada","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIRO, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114910293","display_name":"Jianfeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057693146","display_name":"Bill Dolan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Dolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft (United States), Redmond, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108137151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210123156"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":135.759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":806,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99975551,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"196","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6819297075271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.5979190468788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4913252890110016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4843481779098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4550108313560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.4523582458496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38113948702812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3515355885028839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.26955312490463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.23896554112434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.2074427604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18634045124053955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6819297075271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.5979190468788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4913252890110016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4843481779098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4550108313560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4523582458496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38113948702812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3515355885028839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.26955312490463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.23896554112434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2074427604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18634045124053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1020","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1020.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/n15-1020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/n15-1020","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1020.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1518951372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1518951372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10957333","https://openalex.org/W62710299","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W654315914","https://openalex.org/W1482214997","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1519256446","https://openalex.org/W1602011256","https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1934041838","https://openalex.org/W1999965501","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2115101920","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2119168550","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2131876387","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2152790380","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2250445771","https://openalex.org/W2250489405","https://openalex.org/W2251008987","https://openalex.org/W2251682575","https://openalex.org/W2595715041","https://openalex.org/W2998704965","https://openalex.org/W4235765578","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352440174","https://openalex.org/W4309440960","https://openalex.org/W2062168445","https://openalex.org/W2348940229","https://openalex.org/W2363046693","https://openalex.org/W2389491697","https://openalex.org/W4301044699","https://openalex.org/W2067476155","https://openalex.org/W2728345702","https://openalex.org/W2352562594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alessandro":[0],"Sordoni,":[1],"Michel":[2],"Galley,":[3],"Michael":[4],"Auli,":[5],"Chris":[6],"Brockett,":[7],"Yangfeng":[8],"Ji,":[9],"Margaret":[10],"Mitchell,":[11],"Jian-Yun":[12],"Nie,":[13],"Jianfeng":[14],"Gao,":[15],"Bill":[16],"Dolan.":[17],"Proceedings":[18],"of":[19,23,28],"the":[20,24,29],"2015":[21],"Conference":[22],"North":[25],"American":[26],"Chapter":[27],"Association":[30],"for":[31],"Computational":[32],"Linguistics:":[33],"Human":[34],"Language":[35],"Technologies.":[36],"2015.":[37]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":122},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":154},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}