{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250968248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1057","title":"What Substitutes Tell Us - Analysis of an \"All-Words\" Lexical Substitution Corpus","display_name":"What Substitutes Tell Us - Analysis of an \"All-Words\" Lexical Substitution Corpus","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250968248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1057","mag":"2250968248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1057","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/E14-1057.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/E14-1057.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036718924","display_name":"Gerhard Kremer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Kremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computational Linguistics University of Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computational Linguistics University of Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067235438","display_name":"Katrin Erk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344076864","display_name":"Center for Applied Linguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/020pekv35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin Erk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Linguistics University of Texas, Austin, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Linguistics University of Texas, Austin, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309","https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003870894","display_name":"Sebastian Pad\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7529-6825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Pad\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Natural Language Processing University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Natural Language Processing University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111900696","display_name":"Stefan Thater","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Thater","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computational Linguistics Saarland University, Saarbrcken, Germany","Dept. of Computational Linguistics Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computational Linguistics Saarland University, Saarbrcken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computational Linguistics Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"540","last_page":"549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.8945125341415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6360604166984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6348835825920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5272822976112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.46453315019607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corpus-linguistics","display_name":"Corpus linguistics","score":0.42089036107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compound","display_name":"Compound","score":0.41516557335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10466736555099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06344801187515259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.8945125341415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6360604166984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6348835825920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5272822976112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.46453315019607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C532629269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865083","display_name":"Corpus linguistics","level":2,"score":0.42089036107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2674912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245423","display_name":"Compound","level":2,"score":0.41516557335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10466736555099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06344801187515259}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1057","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/E14-1057.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1057","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/E14-1057.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250968248.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250968248.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60571609","https://openalex.org/W125545343","https://openalex.org/W191693080","https://openalex.org/W285440899","https://openalex.org/W1508977358","https://openalex.org/W1510514866","https://openalex.org/W1967475417","https://openalex.org/W1973942085","https://openalex.org/W1984052055","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2017464162","https://openalex.org/W2026261675","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2059799772","https://openalex.org/W2070528687","https://openalex.org/W2078277979","https://openalex.org/W2091494174","https://openalex.org/W2110616675","https://openalex.org/W2120699290","https://openalex.org/W2128691144","https://openalex.org/W2130903752","https://openalex.org/W2141365610","https://openalex.org/W2143645432","https://openalex.org/W2159980159","https://openalex.org/W2164973920","https://openalex.org/W2219047839","https://openalex.org/W2251056711","https://openalex.org/W2251366302","https://openalex.org/W2251762914","https://openalex.org/W2251928326","https://openalex.org/W2251997481","https://openalex.org/W2436001372","https://openalex.org/W2797062063","https://openalex.org/W3123895079","https://openalex.org/W4256591541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611614995","https://openalex.org/W2368651715","https://openalex.org/W2789919619","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W4321496520","https://openalex.org/W2293457016","https://openalex.org/W3169305685","https://openalex.org/W1515542156","https://openalex.org/W1992419927","https://openalex.org/W2250968248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24,37,49],"present":[1],"the":[2,13,26,63,70],"first":[3],"large-scale":[4],"English":[5],"\"allwords":[6],"lexical":[7,29,65],"substitution\"":[8],"corpus.":[9],"The":[10],"size":[11],"of":[12,28,72],"corpus":[14,73],"provides":[15],"a":[16],"rich":[17],"resource":[18],"for":[19,56,62],"investigations":[20],"into":[21],"word":[22],"meaning.":[23],"investigate":[25],"nature":[27],"substitute":[30],"sets,":[31],"comparing":[32],"them":[33,39],"to":[34,40,54],"WordNet":[35],"synsets.":[36,48],"find":[38],"be":[41],"consistent":[42],"with,":[43],"but":[44],"more":[45],"fine-grained":[46],"than,":[47],"also":[50],"identify":[51],"significant":[52],"differences":[53],"results":[55],"paraphrase":[57],"ranking":[58],"in":[59],"context":[60],"reported":[61],"SEMEVAL":[64],"substitution":[66],"data.":[67],"This":[68],"highlights":[69],"influence":[71],"construction":[74],"approaches":[75],"on":[76],"evaluation":[77],"results.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}