{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2252035825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","title":"Undirected Machine Translation with Discriminative Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Undirected Machine Translation with Discriminative Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2252035825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","mag":"2252035825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069086621","display_name":"Andr\u00e9a Gesmundo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Gesmundo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084321238","display_name":"James Henderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-4799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069086621"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76191277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7901259064674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7445856332778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7257695198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6500642895698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6147278547286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6143829226493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.607472836971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6074137091636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5607464909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5254082679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4718359112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4554642140865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.42564278841018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3382442593574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21462148427963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10935643315315247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7901259064674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7445856332778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7257695198059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6500642895698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6147278547286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6143829226493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.607472836971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6074137091636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5607464909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5254082679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4718359112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4554642140865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42564278841018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3382442593574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21462148427963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10935643315315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/e14-1002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/e14-1002","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2252035825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2252035825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76590478","https://openalex.org/W138910888","https://openalex.org/W1481626677","https://openalex.org/W1591659308","https://openalex.org/W1660460062","https://openalex.org/W1964388487","https://openalex.org/W1979711143","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2008652694","https://openalex.org/W2037894654","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2061562262","https://openalex.org/W2061910127","https://openalex.org/W2104917081","https://openalex.org/W2112648537","https://openalex.org/W2116410915","https://openalex.org/W2125536435","https://openalex.org/W2143564602","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2152263452","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2155607551","https://openalex.org/W2158349948","https://openalex.org/W2160218441","https://openalex.org/W2161227214","https://openalex.org/W2165199647","https://openalex.org/W2170986599","https://openalex.org/W2437005631","https://openalex.org/W2541794668","https://openalex.org/W2895810819","https://openalex.org/W2911246871","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2521627374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,41,64],"novel":[3],"Undirected":[4],"Machine":[5],"Translation":[6],"model":[7,59],"of":[8,40,44,105],"Hierarchical":[9],"MT":[10],"that":[11,47,85],"is":[12,68,89,93],"not":[13,49,100],"constrained":[14,50],"to":[15,28,51,70,72],"the":[16,22,38,55,75,79,86,106],"standard":[17],"bottomup":[18],"inference":[19,81],"order.":[20,82],"Removing":[21],"ordering":[23],"constraint":[24],"makes":[25],"it":[26],"possible":[27],"condition":[29,52],"on":[30,54],"top-down":[31],"structure":[32],"and":[33,78,91],"surrounding":[34],"context.":[35,57],"This":[36],"allows":[37],"introduction":[39],"new":[42],"class":[43],"contextual":[45],"features":[46],"are":[48],"only":[53],"bottom-up":[56],"The":[58],"builds":[60],"translation-derivations":[61],"efficiently":[62],"in":[63],"greedy":[65],"fashion.":[66],"It":[67],"trained":[69],"learn":[71],"choose":[73],"jointly":[74],"best":[76,80],"action":[77],"Experiments":[83],"show":[84],"decoding":[87],"time":[88],"halved":[90],"forestrescoring":[92],"6":[94],"times":[95],"faster,":[96],"while":[97],"reaching":[98],"accuracy":[99],"significantly":[101],"different":[102],"from":[103],"state":[104],"art.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
