{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2293206922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1210","title":"Latent-Variable Synchronous CFGs for Hierarchical Translation","display_name":"Latent-Variable Synchronous CFGs for Hierarchical Translation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2293206922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1210","mag":"2293206922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043275226","display_name":"Avneesh Saluja","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avneesh Saluja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111222692","display_name":"Chris Dyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030503109","display_name":"Shay B. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-8353"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shay B. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043275226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.96,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92573745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1953","last_page":"1964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8075931072235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.6507545113563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6304816007614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6018549799919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5418264865875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5258089900016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.5205770134925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.512208878993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4448445439338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.43808406591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4314422011375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.4135090708732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3245627284049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09574326872825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07847574353218079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8075931072235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.6507545113563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6304816007614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6018549799919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5418264865875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5258089900016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5205770134925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.512208878993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4448445439338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.43808406591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4314422011375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.4135090708732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3245627284049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09574326872825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07847574353218079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.649.9939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.649.9939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/scohen/emnlp14lscfg.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.671.4366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.671.4366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://emnlp2014.org/papers/pdf/EMNLP2014210.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.697.2317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.697.2317","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aclweb.org/anthology/D/D14/D14-1210.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/9a07eae4-2a23-49ba-a1aa-e7a3ebde72d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/9a07eae4-2a23-49ba-a1aa-e7a3ebde72d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Saluja, A, Dyer, C & Cohen, S B 2014, Latent-Variable Synchronous CFGs for Hierarchical Translation. in Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Doha, Qatar, pp. 1953-1964. < http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D14-1210 >","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/9a07eae4-2a23-49ba-a1aa-e7a3ebde72d0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/latentvariable-synchronous-cfgs-for-hierarchical-translation(9a07eae4-2a23-49ba-a1aa-e7a3ebde72d0).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165935821","https://openalex.org/W577284227","https://openalex.org/W1510052640","https://openalex.org/W1551202288","https://openalex.org/W1763771263","https://openalex.org/W1909733559","https://openalex.org/W2028162617","https://openalex.org/W2044007697","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2075201173","https://openalex.org/W2100565866","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2116792345","https://openalex.org/W2121338597","https://openalex.org/W2131932654","https://openalex.org/W2139621418","https://openalex.org/W2140351241","https://openalex.org/W2143268884","https://openalex.org/W2144879357","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2152561660","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2155607551","https://openalex.org/W2157381218","https://openalex.org/W2158388102","https://openalex.org/W2158614781","https://openalex.org/W2158733102","https://openalex.org/W2158896774","https://openalex.org/W2160993407","https://openalex.org/W2165666205","https://openalex.org/W2166210475","https://openalex.org/W2168966090","https://openalex.org/W2405762604","https://openalex.org/W2437005631","https://openalex.org/W2569025259","https://openalex.org/W2917807695","https://openalex.org/W2988806182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W2101155126","https://openalex.org/W2043093291","https://openalex.org/W2118045671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data-driven":[0],"refinement":[1],"of":[2,30,63],"non-terminal":[3],"categories":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"to":[8,26,36],"be":[9],"a":[10,56,70],"reliable":[11],"technique":[12],"for":[13,44],"improving":[14],"mono-lingual":[15],"parsing":[16],"with":[17,86],"PCFGs.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20,45],"pa-per,":[21],"we":[22,78],"extend":[23],"these":[24],"techniques":[25],"learn":[27],"latent":[28],"refinements":[29],"single-category":[31],"syn-chronous":[32],"grammars,":[33],"so":[34],"as":[35],"improve":[37],"translation":[38,72],"performance.":[39],"We":[40,65],"compare":[41],"two":[42],"estimators":[43],"latent-variable":[46],"model:":[47],"one":[48],"based":[49,59],"on":[50,60,69],"EM":[51],"and":[52,98],"the":[53,61,84,92],"other":[54],"is":[55,95],"spec-tral":[57],"algorithm":[58],"method":[62],"mo-ments.":[64],"evaluate":[66],"their":[67],"performance":[68],"Chinese\u2013English":[71],"task.":[73],"The":[74],"re-sults":[75],"indicate":[76],"that":[77],"can":[79],"achieve":[80],"signifi-cant":[81],"gains":[82],"over":[83],"baseline":[85],"both":[87,96],"ap-proaches,":[88],"but":[89],"in":[90],"particular":[91],"moments-based":[93],"estimator":[94],"faster":[97],"performs":[99],"better":[100],"than":[101],"EM.":[102],"1":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}