{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136201510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1127","title":"Learning Emotion Indicators from Tweets: Hashtags, Hashtag Patterns, and Phrases","display_name":"Learning Emotion Indicators from Tweets: Hashtags, Hashtag Patterns, and Phrases","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136201510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1127","mag":"2136201510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1127","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1127.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1127.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078183732","display_name":"Ashequl Qadir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashequl Qadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","University of Utah,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005791318","display_name":"Ellen Riloff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Riloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","University of Utah,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078183732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98211386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1203","last_page":"1209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.742939293384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"Sadness","score":0.727696418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.7144070267677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.658034086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6302860975265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5643610954284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5510056614875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disappointment","display_name":"Disappointment","score":0.5242007970809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5169362425804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5100115537643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"Emotion classification","score":0.41488659381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.39341235160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1821802854537964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.742939293384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.727696418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.7144070267677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.658034086227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6302860975265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5643610954284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5510056614875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779628136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621206","display_name":"Disappointment","level":2,"score":0.5242007970809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5169362425804138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5100115537643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.41488659381866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39341235160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1821802854537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1127","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1127.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.665.6079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.665.6079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aclweb.org/anthology/D/D14/D14-1127.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.672.7132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.672.7132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://emnlp2014.org/papers/pdf/EMNLP2014127.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1127","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1127.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2997890582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D12PC00285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","funder_display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2136201510.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2136201510.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24085112","https://openalex.org/W30283642","https://openalex.org/W104683736","https://openalex.org/W371426616","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1971222444","https://openalex.org/W2019385820","https://openalex.org/W2051840895","https://openalex.org/W2087756450","https://openalex.org/W2105468141","https://openalex.org/W2110278938","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2121060109","https://openalex.org/W2121060811","https://openalex.org/W2124156373","https://openalex.org/W2136961259","https://openalex.org/W2139517011","https://openalex.org/W2152815769","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2153804780","https://openalex.org/W2157052295","https://openalex.org/W2165044314","https://openalex.org/W2170414372","https://openalex.org/W2250710744","https://openalex.org/W2251900677","https://openalex.org/W2252073650","https://openalex.org/W2267835966","https://openalex.org/W2294703018","https://openalex.org/W2524643686","https://openalex.org/W2949709688","https://openalex.org/W2962750587","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3185020698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3020833881","https://openalex.org/W2487796806","https://openalex.org/W2399360454","https://openalex.org/W4388134110","https://openalex.org/W2400641934","https://openalex.org/W2018346846","https://openalex.org/W2028755160","https://openalex.org/W2041541161","https://openalex.org/W3206592872","https://openalex.org/W3167551411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,73],"present":[1],"a":[2,54,83],"weakly":[3],"supervised":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6],"learning":[7],"hashtags,":[8],"hashtag":[9,47],"patterns,":[10],"and":[11,21,38,46,66],"phrases":[12,58],"associated":[13],"with":[14,24],"five":[15],"emotions:":[16],"AFFEC-TION,":[17],"ANGER/RAGE,":[18],"FEAR/ANXIETY,":[19],"JOY,":[20],"SADNESS/DISAPPOINTMENT.":[22],"Starting":[23],"seed":[25],"hashtags":[26,45,65],"to":[27,41,68,91],"label":[28],"an":[29],"initial":[30],"set":[31,78],"of":[32,79],"tweets,":[33],"we":[34],"train":[35],"emotion":[36,44,71,80],"classifiers":[37],"use":[39],"them":[40],"learn":[42],"new":[43],"patterns.":[48],"This":[49],"process":[50],"then":[51],"repeats":[52],"in":[53,86],"bootstrapping":[55],"framework.":[56],"Emotion":[57],"are":[59],"also":[60],"extracted":[61],"from":[62,89],"the":[63,76],"learned":[64,77],"used":[67],"create":[69],"phrase-based":[70],"classifiers.":[72,95],"show":[74],"that":[75],"indicators":[81],"yields":[82],"substantial":[84],"improvement":[85],"F-scores,":[87],"ranging":[88],"+%5":[90],"+%18":[92],"over":[93],"baseline":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
