{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112085250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1059","title":"NaturalLI: Natural Logic Inference for Common Sense Reasoning","display_name":"NaturalLI: Natural Logic Inference for Common Sense Reasoning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112085250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1059","mag":"2112085250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1059","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1059.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1059.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074606190","display_name":"Gabor Angeli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabor Angeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046006076","display_name":"Christopher D. Manning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97741989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"534","last_page":"545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6255395412445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5894373655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-sense","display_name":"Common sense","score":0.5650062561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.5439907908439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.47262096405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36899951100349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.18224412202835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10704675316810608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6255395412445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5894373655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332880","display_name":"Common sense","level":2,"score":0.5650062561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.5439907908439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.47262096405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36899951100349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.18224412202835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10704675316810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1059","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1059.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.6999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.6999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/pubs/angeli2014-emnlp-naturalli.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.655.308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.655.308","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D14/D14-1059.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.682.833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.682.833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://emnlp2014.org/papers/pdf/EMNLP2014059.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1059","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D14-1059.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2112085250.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7700908","https://openalex.org/W111534319","https://openalex.org/W114118985","https://openalex.org/W174427690","https://openalex.org/W1494776307","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1519554123","https://openalex.org/W1520485300","https://openalex.org/W1543747524","https://openalex.org/W1771625187","https://openalex.org/W1782550378","https://openalex.org/W1852412531","https://openalex.org/W1970018447","https://openalex.org/W1986069434","https://openalex.org/W2005401004","https://openalex.org/W2009591769","https://openalex.org/W2024201830","https://openalex.org/W2066770300","https://openalex.org/W2087451659","https://openalex.org/W2090243146","https://openalex.org/W2100935296","https://openalex.org/W2101802482","https://openalex.org/W2103729963","https://openalex.org/W2111742432","https://openalex.org/W2122702954","https://openalex.org/W2127426251","https://openalex.org/W2129842875","https://openalex.org/W2130947465","https://openalex.org/W2132679783","https://openalex.org/W2144108169","https://openalex.org/W2149390430","https://openalex.org/W2155322595","https://openalex.org/W2163274265","https://openalex.org/W2164019165","https://openalex.org/W2167187514","https://openalex.org/W2184580343","https://openalex.org/W2219598741","https://openalex.org/W2228826686","https://openalex.org/W2247119764","https://openalex.org/W2250225488","https://openalex.org/W2251673953","https://openalex.org/W2252123671","https://openalex.org/W2729906263","https://openalex.org/W2791297471","https://openalex.org/W2798528726","https://openalex.org/W2945259913","https://openalex.org/W3101347212","https://openalex.org/W3105046511","https://openalex.org/W4231112046","https://openalex.org/W4239150235","https://openalex.org/W4249183207","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300062145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080145458","https://openalex.org/W3203330043","https://openalex.org/W1584374742","https://openalex.org/W2119264717","https://openalex.org/W102683223","https://openalex.org/W2710049634","https://openalex.org/W2047356095","https://openalex.org/W1984225148","https://openalex.org/W1559068841","https://openalex.org/W2547621624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Common-sense":[0],"reasoning":[1],"is":[2,61,83],"important":[3],"for":[4,24,30],"AI":[5],"applications,":[6],"both":[7,78],"in":[8],"NLP":[9],"and":[10,13,96,108],"many":[11],"vision":[12],"robotics":[14],"tasks.":[15],"We":[16,77],"propose":[17],"NaturalLI:":[18],"a":[19,42],"Natural":[20,88],"Logic":[21,89],"inference":[22],"sys-tem":[23],"inferring":[25],"common":[26,102],"sense":[27,103],"facts":[28,104],"\u2013":[29,40],"instance,":[31],"that":[32,80],"cats":[33],"have":[34],"tails":[35],"or":[36],"tomatoes":[37],"are":[38,68],"round":[39],"from":[41],"very":[43],"large":[44],"database":[45],"of":[46],"known":[47],"facts.":[48],"In":[49],"addition":[50],"to":[51,54,64,85,100],"being":[52],"able":[53,63,84],"provide":[55],"strictly":[56],"valid":[57],"derivations,":[58],"the":[59,92],"system":[60,82],"also":[62],"produce":[65],"derivations":[66],"which":[67],"only":[69],"likely":[70],"valid,":[71],"accompanied":[72],"by":[73],"an":[74],"associated":[75],"confidence.":[76],"show":[79],"our":[81],"capture":[86],"strict":[87],"inferences":[90],"on":[91],"Fra-CaS":[93],"test":[94],"suite,":[95],"demonstrate":[97],"its":[98],"ability":[99],"predict":[101],"with":[105],"49%":[106],"recall":[107],"91":[109],"%":[110],"precision.":[111],"1":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}