{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129271949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220304","title":"Exploring distributional similarity based models for query spelling correction","display_name":"Exploring distributional similarity based models for query spelling correction","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129271949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220304","mag":"2129271949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220304","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220304","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220304","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399466","display_name":"Mu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-3304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354571","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-2710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","[Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101923144","display_name":"Muhua Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","Northeastern University, Shenyang Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Shenyang Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701572","display_name":"Ming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Haidian District, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1025","last_page":"1032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8375222682952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.7680556774139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6678252220153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.658212423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.6268324851989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5866498351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5681869983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5481928586959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5424244403839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.4924796521663666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45093828439712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.4379558861255646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41830840706825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.406451940536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.33022838830947876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8375222682952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.7680556774139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6678252220153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.658212423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.6268324851989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5866498351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5681869983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5481928586959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5424244403839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.4924796521663666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45093828439712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.4379558861255646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41830840706825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.406451940536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.33022838830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220304","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220304","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.114.6358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.114.6358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P06/P06-1129.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220304","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220304","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129271949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129271949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66690650","https://openalex.org/W1505906253","https://openalex.org/W1519443010","https://openalex.org/W1632767318","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1972099155","https://openalex.org/W2001792610","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2016871293","https://openalex.org/W2018616927","https://openalex.org/W2057900969","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2096175520","https://openalex.org/W2102443632","https://openalex.org/W2102997946","https://openalex.org/W2110993209","https://openalex.org/W2120084270","https://openalex.org/W2144226312","https://openalex.org/W2154124206","https://openalex.org/W2160039544","https://openalex.org/W2166776180","https://openalex.org/W2952192369","https://openalex.org/W4255198209","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W3197639690","https://openalex.org/W2124814993","https://openalex.org/W2113390685","https://openalex.org/W2017989738","https://openalex.org/W1981131819","https://openalex.org/W8514837","https://openalex.org/W2186703450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"query":[1,25,30,100],"speller":[2],"is":[3,39,49],"crucial":[4],"to":[5,36,76],"search":[6,11],"engine":[7],"in":[8,27,97],"improving":[9],"web":[10,99],"relevance.":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"describes":[15],"novel":[16],"methods":[17,38],"for":[18],"use":[19],"of":[20,42,79],"distributional":[21,43,87],"similarity":[22,44,88],"estimated":[23],"from":[24],"logs":[26],"learning":[28],"improved":[29],"spelling":[31,101],"correction":[32,102],"models.":[33],"The":[34],"key":[35],"our":[37],"the":[40,86,98],"property":[41],"between":[45,51,61],"two":[46,62,71],"terms:":[47],"it":[48],"high":[50],"a":[52],"frequently":[53],"occurring":[54],"misspelling":[55],"and":[56,59],"its":[57],"correction,":[58],"low":[60],"irrelevant":[63],"terms":[64],"only":[65],"with":[66],"similar":[67],"spellings.":[68],"We":[69],"present":[70],"models":[72,90],"that":[73,85],"are":[74],"able":[75],"take":[77],"advantage":[78],"this":[80],"property.":[81],"Experimental":[82],"results":[83],"demonstrate":[84],"based":[89],"can":[91],"significantly":[92],"outperform":[93],"their":[94],"baseline":[95],"systems":[96],"task.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
