{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134418164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220251","title":"A comparison of document, sentence, and term event spaces","display_name":"A comparison of document, sentence, and term event spaces","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134418164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220251","mag":"2134418164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL  - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043442839","display_name":"Catherine Blake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9516-2683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Blake","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043442839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92309914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"601","last_page":"608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf\u2013idf","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","score":0.8053692579269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.7524018287658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7070040106773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7018935084342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6345086097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6020855903625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5095930099487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5044180154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4574219286441803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.44853052496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.44503533840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4412732422351837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1792786717414856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81758059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796584","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","level":3,"score":0.8053692579269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.7524018287658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7070040106773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7018935084342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6345086097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6020855903625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5095930099487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5044180154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4574219286441803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.44853052496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.44503533840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4412732422351837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1792786717414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL  - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.143.9445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.9445","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P06/P06-1076.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529740232","https://openalex.org/W1974339500","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2024932032","https://openalex.org/W2028575454","https://openalex.org/W2060603187","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2151579115","https://openalex.org/W2153252192","https://openalex.org/W2154612479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W2091301346","https://openalex.org/W3148229873","https://openalex.org/W4389760904","https://openalex.org/W2150160875","https://openalex.org/W4242223894","https://openalex.org/W4214678372","https://openalex.org/W1605559518","https://openalex.org/W4214601164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"trend":[1],"in":[2,15,23,133],"information":[3],"retrieval":[4],"systems":[5,29],"is":[6],"from":[7],"document":[8,36,41],"to":[9,31,91,121],"sub-document":[10],"retrieval,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"sentences":[14,108],"a":[16,35,93,98],"summarization":[17],"system":[18],"and":[19,49,57,77,82,105,109,124],"words":[20],"or":[21],"phrases":[22],"question-answering":[24],"system.":[25],"Despite":[26],"this":[27,45],"trend,":[28],"continue":[30],"model":[32],"language":[33,68,88],"at":[34],"level":[37],"using":[38],"the":[39,74,128],"inverse":[40,53,58],"frequency":[42,55,60],"(IDF).":[43],"In":[44],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"compare":[48],"contrast":[50],"IDF":[51,117],"with":[52,97,113,119],"sentence":[54],"(ISF)":[56],"term":[59],"(ITF).":[61],"A":[62],"direct":[63],"comparison":[64],"reveals":[65],"that":[66],"all":[67],"models":[69,89],"are":[70,80],"highly":[71],"correlated;":[72],"however,":[73],"average":[75],"ISF":[76],"ITF":[78],"values":[79],"5.5":[81],"10.4":[83],"higher":[84],"than":[85],"IDF.":[86],"All":[87],"appeared":[90],"follow":[92],"power":[94],"law":[95],"distribution":[96],"slope":[99],"coefficient":[100],"of":[101,116,127],"1.6":[102],"for":[103,107],"documents":[104],"1.7":[106],"terms.":[110],"We":[111],"conclude":[112],"an":[114],"analysis":[115],"stability":[118],"respect":[120],"random,":[122],"journal,":[123],"section":[125],"partitions":[126],"100,830":[129],"full-text":[130],"scientific":[131],"articles":[132],"our":[134],"experimental":[135],"corpus.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}