{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156382871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220194","title":"Partially specified signatures","display_name":"Partially specified signatures","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156382871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220194","mag":"2156382871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220194","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220194","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL  - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220194","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040697979","display_name":"Yael Cohen-Sygal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yael Cohen-Sygal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032082399","display_name":"Shuly Wintner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuly Wintner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040697979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3552,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85128137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"145","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7744689583778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification","display_name":"Unification","score":0.770755410194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.7641361951828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.7297071218490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7042521238327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6425901651382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-attributed-grammar","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","score":0.6120373010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5922765135765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48849713802337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4840254485607147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40547218918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4043046236038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.30711424350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1464053988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12790724635124207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7744689583778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.770755410194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7641361951828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7297071218490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7042521238327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6425901651382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.6120373010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5922765135765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48849713802337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4840254485607147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40547218918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4043046236038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.30711424350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1464053988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12790724635124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220194","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220194","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL  - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220194","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220194","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL  - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156382871.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156382871.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24022240","https://openalex.org/W615227492","https://openalex.org/W1508813146","https://openalex.org/W1510929985","https://openalex.org/W1539395461","https://openalex.org/W1574661744","https://openalex.org/W1579369185","https://openalex.org/W1999391519","https://openalex.org/W2003248370","https://openalex.org/W2023329846","https://openalex.org/W2031391049","https://openalex.org/W2038248725","https://openalex.org/W2057249051","https://openalex.org/W2091312385","https://openalex.org/W2144800503","https://openalex.org/W2149695663","https://openalex.org/W2413948601","https://openalex.org/W2912522560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286266684","https://openalex.org/W1557335907","https://openalex.org/W4398164120","https://openalex.org/W152266133","https://openalex.org/W1517502158","https://openalex.org/W2055334547","https://openalex.org/W3202319462","https://openalex.org/W2002048494","https://openalex.org/W2073788202","https://openalex.org/W4386333039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"provides":[2],"the":[3,18,26,30,58],"essential":[4],"foundations":[5],"for":[6,13],"modular":[7],"construction":[8],"of":[9,17,37,44,61,69,87],"(typed)":[10],"unification":[11],"grammars":[12,22],"natural":[14],"languages.":[15],"Much":[16],"information":[19],"in":[20,25],"such":[21],"is":[23,32],"encoded":[24],"signature,":[27],"and":[28,47],"hence":[29],"key":[31],"facilitating":[33],"a":[34,42,66,84],"modularized":[35],"development":[36],"type":[38],"signatures.":[39],"We":[40,73],"introduce":[41],"definition":[43],"signature":[45],"modules":[46,51],"show":[48,74],"how":[49],"two":[50],"combine.":[52],"Our":[53],"definitions":[54,77],"are":[55],"motivated":[56],"by":[57,81],"actual":[59],"needs":[60,80],"grammar":[62],"developers":[63],"obtained":[64],"through":[65],"careful":[67],"examination":[68],"large":[70],"scale":[71],"grammars.":[72],"that":[75],"our":[76],"meet":[78],"these":[79],"conforming":[82],"to":[83],"detailed":[85],"set":[86],"desiderata.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}