{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098967945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1218997","title":"Deep dependencies from context-free statistical parsers","display_name":"Deep dependencies from context-free statistical parsers","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098967945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1218997","mag":"2098967945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1218955.1218997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1218997","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1218955.1218997","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '04","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1218955.1218997","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090215557","display_name":"Roger L\u00e9vy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-8864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046006076","display_name":"Christopher D. Manning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7896,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97571584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"327","last_page":"es"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7942681312561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.788777232170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.735348641872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency-grammar","display_name":"Dependency grammar","score":0.6332682967185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6224297285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5489429235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.5306436419487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47260764241218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4661409258842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44910430908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4301875829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.321904718875885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7942681312561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.788777232170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.735348641872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164883195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674834","display_name":"Dependency grammar","level":3,"score":0.6332682967185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6224297285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5489429235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5306436419487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47260764241218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4661409258842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44910430908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4301875829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.321904718875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1218955.1218997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1218997","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1218955.1218997","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '04","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1218955.1218997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1218997","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1218955.1218997","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '04","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323106","display_name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/01shbv660"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098967945.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2098967945.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99737006","https://openalex.org/W166655093","https://openalex.org/W1535015163","https://openalex.org/W1535183358","https://openalex.org/W1572215484","https://openalex.org/W1965364888","https://openalex.org/W1970906861","https://openalex.org/W1972573551","https://openalex.org/W2083581617","https://openalex.org/W2092654472","https://openalex.org/W2097606805","https://openalex.org/W2110416098","https://openalex.org/W2111397047","https://openalex.org/W2115321439","https://openalex.org/W2124479173","https://openalex.org/W2140270230","https://openalex.org/W2143458716","https://openalex.org/W2151170651","https://openalex.org/W2171054746","https://openalex.org/W3037667405","https://openalex.org/W6632145054","https://openalex.org/W6641419653","https://openalex.org/W6652001008","https://openalex.org/W6674783156","https://openalex.org/W6678448845","https://openalex.org/W7010180544","https://openalex.org/W7024629810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2251084681","https://openalex.org/W2098784136","https://openalex.org/W287510790","https://openalex.org/W3117798239","https://openalex.org/W4241489294","https://openalex.org/W63925617","https://openalex.org/W2968543375","https://openalex.org/W4288558800","https://openalex.org/W2888625260","https://openalex.org/W2953770453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,17,43,102],"present":[1,104],"a":[2,66,113,134,148],"linguistically-motivated":[3],"algorithm":[4,20,47,77],"for":[5,65,112],"reconstructing":[6],"nonlocal":[7,36],"dependency":[8,110,153],"in":[9,39,133,143],"broad-coverage":[10],"context-free":[11,29,41,144],"parse":[12,145],"trees":[13,30,85,146],"derived":[14],"from":[15],"treebanks.":[16],"use":[18],"an":[19,56],"based":[21],"on":[22,53,82,90,108,120],"loglinear":[23],"classifiers":[24],"to":[25,33,151],"augment":[26],"and":[27,60,63,86,122],"reshape":[28],"so":[31],"as":[32],"reintroduce":[34],"underlying":[35,152],"dependencies":[37,142],"lost":[38],"the":[40,98,105,130,140],"approximation.":[42],"find":[44],"that":[45,132],"our":[46,76],"compares":[48],"favorably":[49],"with":[50,97,136],"prior":[51],"work":[52],"English":[54,121],"using":[55],"existing":[57],"evaluation":[58,69,74,126],"metric,":[59],"also":[61,103],"introduce":[62],"argue":[64],"new":[67,73,125],"dependency-based":[68],"metric.":[70],"By":[71],"this":[72],"metric":[75,127],"achieves":[78],"60%":[79],"error":[80,88],"reduction":[81,89],"gold-standard":[83],"input":[84,93],"5%":[87],"state-of-the-art":[91],"machine-parsed":[92],"trees,":[94],"when":[95],"compared":[96],"best":[99],"previous":[100],"work.":[101],"first":[106],"results":[107],"non-local":[109],"reconstruction":[111],"language":[114,135],"other":[115],"than":[116],"English,":[117],"comparing":[118],"performance":[119],"German.":[123],"Our":[124],"quantitatively":[128],"corroborates":[129],"intuition":[131],"freer":[137],"word":[138],"order,":[139],"surface":[141],"are":[147],"poorer":[149],"approximation":[150],"structure.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}