{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104139388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1119018.1119048","title":"TIPSTER-compatible projects at Sheffield","display_name":"TIPSTER-compatible projects at Sheffield","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104139388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1119018.1119048","mag":"2104139388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1119018.1119048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1119018.1119048","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1119018.1119048","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of a workshop on held at Vienna, Virginia May 6-8, 1996 -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1119018.1119048","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000140583","display_name":"Hamish Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-5483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamish Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, UK","University of sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083798123","display_name":"Kevin Humphreys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, UK","University of sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040587162","display_name":"Robert Gaizauskas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Gaizauskas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, UK","University of sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050719415","display_name":"Yorick Wilks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yorick Wilks","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, UK","University of sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000140583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5692,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77558408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6559548377990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6144111752510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5716384053230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-technology","display_name":"Language technology","score":0.5667235255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.552432656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.537779688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4618169069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42873552441596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.34773415327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3235197365283966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3173903226852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2745012044906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.20026716589927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08923080563545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension-approach","display_name":"Comprehension approach","score":0.07530367374420166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6559548377990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6144111752510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5716384053230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14919245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976109","display_name":"Language technology","level":4,"score":0.5667235255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.552432656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.537779688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4618169069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42873552441596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.34773415327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3235197365283966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3173903226852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2745012044906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.20026716589927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08923080563545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.07530367374420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1119018.1119048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1119018.1119048","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1119018.1119048","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of a workshop on held at Vienna, Virginia May 6-8, 1996 -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.136.8230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.136.8230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/x/x96/x96-1027.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.57.304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.57.304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.dcs.shef.ac.uk/home/kwh/auto_papers/Cun96b.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1119018.1119048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1119018.1119048","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1119018.1119048","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of a workshop on held at Vienna, Virginia May 6-8, 1996 -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104139388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104139388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613634021","https://openalex.org/W1485490758","https://openalex.org/W1690636059","https://openalex.org/W1754883368","https://openalex.org/W1984930288","https://openalex.org/W2131010894","https://openalex.org/W2170381724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310801723","https://openalex.org/W2913520953","https://openalex.org/W2808455255","https://openalex.org/W2386036461","https://openalex.org/W2050889255","https://openalex.org/W3030968840","https://openalex.org/W2364063174","https://openalex.org/W2240260856","https://openalex.org/W1641801284","https://openalex.org/W2059087976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Projects":[0],"currently":[1,77],"underway":[2],"at":[3],"Sheffield":[4,53,74],"may":[5],"be":[6],"more":[7],"appropriately":[8],"described":[9],"by":[10],"the":[11,16,41,47],"term":[12],"Language":[13,21],"Engineering":[14,64],"than":[15],"well-established":[17],"labels":[18],"of":[19,34,40,73],"Natural":[20],"Processing":[22],"or":[23],"Computational":[24],"Linguistics.":[25],"This":[26],"reflects":[27],"an":[28,67],"increased":[29],"focus":[30],"on":[31],"viable":[32],"applications":[33],"language":[35],"technology,":[36],"promoting":[37],"a":[38,58,71],"view":[39],"software":[42],"infrastructure":[43],"as":[44],"central":[45],"to":[46],"development":[48],"process.":[49],"To":[50],"this":[51],"end,":[52],"has":[54],"produced":[55],"GATE":[56],"-":[57,65],"TIPSTER-compatible":[59],"General":[60],"Architecture":[61],"for":[62],"Text":[63],"providing":[66],"environment":[68],"in":[69],"which":[70],"number":[72],"projects":[75],"are":[76],"being":[78],"developed.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}