{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012613027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118996","title":"Paraphrasing rules for automatic evaluation of translation into Japanese","display_name":"Paraphrasing rules for automatic evaluation of translation into Japanese","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012613027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118996","mag":"2012613027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118984.1118996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118996","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118996","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Paraphrasing -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118996","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101586444","display_name":"Hiroshi Kanayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kanayama Hiroshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Japan, Ltd., Yamato-shi, Kanagawa, Japan","IBM Japan, Ltd., Yamato-shi, Kanagawa, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Japan, Ltd., Yamato-shi, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Japan, Ltd., Yamato-shi, Kanagawa, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101586444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62848067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"88","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7986142635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7981685400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7870500683784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6603103876113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6461089849472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6386158466339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.5249450206756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.4691813290119171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.46000248193740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.43307697772979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.42786332964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.335063099861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.25369036197662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.1350587010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06946209073066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.05987939238548279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7986142635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7981685400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7870500683784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6603103876113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6461089849472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6386158466339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5249450206756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4691813290119171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.46000248193740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43307697772979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.42786332964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.335063099861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.25369036197662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.1350587010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06946209073066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.05987939238548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118984.1118996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118996","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118996","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Paraphrasing -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118984.1118996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118996","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118996","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Paraphrasing -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2012613027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2012613027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163225968","https://openalex.org/W1971354264","https://openalex.org/W2001810881","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2170445708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151736118","https://openalex.org/W3097971125","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W4387490002","https://openalex.org/W2169279899","https://openalex.org/W2026303297","https://openalex.org/W2532807140","https://openalex.org/W3196981096","https://openalex.org/W2395826315","https://openalex.org/W2883671469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"evaluation":[1,20,45,101,104],"of":[2,21,46,49,54,66],"translation":[3,22],"quality":[4],"has":[5],"proved":[6],"to":[7,41,43,69,75,107],"be":[8],"useful":[9],"when":[10],"the":[11,19,44,50,70,77,81,93,97],"target":[12],"language":[13],"is":[14,25,39],"English.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"paper":[18],"into":[23],"Japanese":[24,47],"studied.":[26],"An":[27],"existing":[28],"method":[29,62],"based":[30],"on":[31],"n-gram":[32],"similarity":[33,78],"between":[34,99],"translations":[35],"and":[36,52,102],"reference":[37,71],"sentences":[38,72],"difficult":[40],"apply":[42],"because":[48],"agglutinativeness":[51],"variation":[53],"semantically":[55],"similar":[56],"expressions":[57,82],"in":[58,73,86],"Japanese.":[59],"The":[60],"proposed":[61],"applies":[63],"a":[64],"set":[65],"paraphrasing":[67,94],"rules":[68,95],"order":[74],"increase":[76],"score":[79],"for":[80],"that":[83],"differ":[84],"only":[85],"their":[87],"writing":[88],"styles.":[89],"Experimental":[90],"results":[91],"show":[92],"improved":[96],"correlation":[98],"automatic":[100],"human":[103],"from":[105],"0.80":[106],"0.93.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
