{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969241724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118990","title":"Normalization and paraphrasing using symbolic methods","display_name":"Normalization and paraphrasing using symbolic methods","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969241724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118990","mag":"1969241724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118984.1118990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118990","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118990","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Paraphrasing  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118990","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105462436","display_name":"Caroline Brun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-5221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33976269","display_name":"Xerox (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/033q0mv79","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33976269","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Brun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan France","Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33976269"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33976269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035156870","display_name":"Caroline Hag\u00e8ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33976269","display_name":"Xerox (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/033q0mv79","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33976269","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Hag\u00e8ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan France","Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33976269"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Research Centre Europe, chemin de Maupertuis, Meylan, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33976269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9377,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8044891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraphrase","display_name":"Paraphrase","score":0.8678246140480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.8302060961723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8027356266975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6832820177078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6261125802993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5234365463256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.45352703332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.43000197410583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3345590829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1730937361717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780922921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255189","display_name":"Paraphrase","level":2,"score":0.8678246140480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.8302060961723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8027356266975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6832820177078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6261125802993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5234365463256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.45352703332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.43000197410583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3345590829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1730937361717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118984.1118990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118990","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118990","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Paraphrasing  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118984.1118990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118984.1118990","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118984.1118990","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the second international workshop on Paraphrasing  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1969241724.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1969241724.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537217019","https://openalex.org/W2008172256","https://openalex.org/W2039217078","https://openalex.org/W2069263150","https://openalex.org/W2107130271","https://openalex.org/W2115094368","https://openalex.org/W2607879133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W191017350","https://openalex.org/W4206666510","https://openalex.org/W2018298289","https://openalex.org/W2782520308","https://openalex.org/W3175194702","https://openalex.org/W2251069562","https://openalex.org/W3120390996","https://openalex.org/W2148689572","https://openalex.org/W2496310762","https://openalex.org/W4304192594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1,73],"an":[2,67],"ongoing":[3],"work":[4],"in":[5,25,66,74],"information":[6,54],"extraction":[7,55],"which":[8],"is":[9,77],"seen":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,37],"text":[13],"normalization":[14],"task.":[15],"The":[16,70],"normalized":[17],"representation":[18],"can":[19],"be":[20],"used":[21],"to":[22],"detect":[23],"paraphrases":[24],"texts.":[26],"Normalization":[27],"and":[28,42,53,63,79],"paraphrase":[29],"detection":[30],"tasks":[31],"are":[32,43,57,64],"built":[33],"on":[34],"top":[35],"of":[36],"robust":[38],"analyzer":[39],"for":[40],"English":[41],"exclusively":[44],"achieved":[45],"using":[46],"symbolic":[47],"methods.":[48],"Both":[49],"grammar":[50],"development":[51],"rules":[52,56],"expressed":[58],"within":[59],"the":[60,75],"same":[61],"formalism":[62],"developed":[65],"integrated":[68],"way.":[69],"experiment":[71],"we":[72],"paper":[76],"evaluated":[78],"presents":[80],"encouraging":[81],"results.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
