{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033297208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118276","title":"Enriching partially-specified representations for text realization using an attribute grammar","display_name":"Enriching partially-specified representations for text realization using an attribute grammar","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033297208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118276","mag":"2033297208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118253.1118276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118276","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1118276&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation  - INLG '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1118276&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059519574","display_name":"Songsak Channarukul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songsak Channarukul","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089827744","display_name":"Susan McRoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-0947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan W. McRoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028271309","display_name":"Syed S. Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-3880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed S. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4817,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9639335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"163","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233336806297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6898996233940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.6333449482917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.6303929686546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.6160792708396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-generation","display_name":"Text generation","score":0.5941796898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5009260177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49410441517829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4824522137641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42393958568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16351324319839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10117533802986145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233336806297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6898996233940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6333449482917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.6303929686546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.6160792708396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985684807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Text generation","level":2,"score":0.5941796898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5009260177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49410441517829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4824522137641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42393958568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16351324319839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10117533802986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118253.1118276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118276","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1118276&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation  - INLG '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.37.2166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.37.2166","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~nlg2000/final/Channarukul/enrich-inlg2k.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118253.1118276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118276","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1118276&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation  - INLG '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033297208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033297208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131408576","https://openalex.org/W132318044","https://openalex.org/W136788014","https://openalex.org/W1536586776","https://openalex.org/W1541732129","https://openalex.org/W1567848327","https://openalex.org/W1612708911","https://openalex.org/W1964071625","https://openalex.org/W2085702226","https://openalex.org/W2102078257","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W2043523297","https://openalex.org/W2475378634","https://openalex.org/W2113405914","https://openalex.org/W4312353617","https://openalex.org/W2260963831","https://openalex.org/W4235249401","https://openalex.org/W3132883577","https://openalex.org/W4385570684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,175],"present":[1],"a":[2,29,49,54,74,125],"new":[3],"approach":[4,17,67,117,143,178],"to":[5,11,22,35,48,80,87,158,165,170],"enriching":[6],"under-specified":[7],"representations":[8,91,161],"of":[9,77,162],"content":[10,164],"be":[12,36,81,102,112,166],"realized":[13],"as":[14,53,137],"text.":[15],"Our":[16,142],"uses":[18],"an":[19,59],"attribute":[20,150],"grammar":[21,40,110,157],"propagate":[23],"missing":[24],"information":[25],"where":[26,114],"needed":[27],"in":[28,152],"tree":[30],"that":[31,64,100,148,153],"represents":[32],"the":[33,46,78,85,88,94,105,109,156,160,163,172,177],"text":[34,72,79,173],"realized.":[37],"This":[38,116],"declaratively-specified":[39],"mediates":[41],"between":[42],"application-produced":[43],"output":[44],"and":[45,139],"input":[47],"generation":[50,61],"system":[51],"and,":[52],"consequence,":[55],"can":[56,68,101,131],"easily":[57],"augment":[58],"existing":[60],"system.":[62],"End-applications":[63],"use":[65,149,155],"this":[66],"produce":[69],"high":[70],"quality":[71],"without":[73],"fine-grained":[75],"specification":[76],"realized,":[82,167],"thereby":[83],"reducing":[84],"burden":[86],"application.":[89],"Additionally,":[90],"used":[92],"by":[93,108],"generator":[95],"are":[96],"compact,":[97],"because":[98,129],"values":[99],"constructed":[103],"from":[104,145,181],"constraints":[106],"encoded":[107],"will":[111],"propagated":[113],"necessary.":[115],"is":[118],"more":[119],"flexible":[120],"than":[121,169],"defaulting":[122],"or":[123],"making":[124],"statistically":[126],"good":[127],"choice":[128],"it":[130],"deal":[132],"with":[133,179],"long-distance":[134],"dependencies":[135],"(such":[136],"gaps":[138],"reflexive":[140],"pronouns).":[141],"differs":[144],"other":[146],"approaches":[147],"grammars":[151],"we":[154],"enrich":[159],"rather":[168],"generate":[171],"itself.":[174],"illustrate":[176],"examples":[180],"our":[182],"template-based":[183],"text-realizer,":[184],"YAG.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
