{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987001319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118257","title":"An empirical study in multilingual natural language generation","display_name":"An empirical study in multilingual natural language generation","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987001319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118257","mag":"1987001319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118253.1118257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118257","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118253.1118257","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation  - INLG '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118253.1118257","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005020376","display_name":"Daniel Marcu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801204180","display_name":"Marina Del Rey Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05wqyfz02","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801204180"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Marcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA","Univ. of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801204180","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801204180","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029490430","display_name":"Lynn Carlson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ft. Meade, MD","Ft. Meade, MD#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ft. Meade, MD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ft. Meade, MD#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042063333","display_name":"Maki Watanabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maki Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86270824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8480209708213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6788883209228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetorical-question","display_name":"Rhetorical question","score":0.6613521575927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.620046854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5874998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5811477899551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.554793655872345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5254582166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.4947030246257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4543057084083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4326724112033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38842615485191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.07741174101829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07451248168945312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8480209708213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6788883209228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.6613521575927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.620046854019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5874998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5811477899551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.554793655872345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5254582166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.4947030246257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4543057084083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4326724112033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38842615485191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.07741174101829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07451248168945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118253.1118257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118257","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118253.1118257","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation  - INLG '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118253.1118257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118253.1118257","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118253.1118257","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation  - INLG '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987001319.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987001319.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88174951","https://openalex.org/W112075123","https://openalex.org/W124587404","https://openalex.org/W156747965","https://openalex.org/W1485329667","https://openalex.org/W1593784001","https://openalex.org/W1606957275","https://openalex.org/W1733954365","https://openalex.org/W1974411112","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2021281677","https://openalex.org/W2045738181","https://openalex.org/W2071486328","https://openalex.org/W2075462381","https://openalex.org/W2082118847","https://openalex.org/W2119275489","https://openalex.org/W2141608913","https://openalex.org/W2153804780","https://openalex.org/W2165228242","https://openalex.org/W4210578402","https://openalex.org/W4241512552","https://openalex.org/W4249696776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W111686088","https://openalex.org/W2955859849","https://openalex.org/W2152921782","https://openalex.org/W382594479","https://openalex.org/W2470045054","https://openalex.org/W2003728790","https://openalex.org/W2575772232","https://openalex.org/W2151245229","https://openalex.org/W2140902089","https://openalex.org/W1510553545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,26],"present":[1],"discourse":[2],"annotation":[3],"work":[4],"aimed":[5],"at":[6],"constructing":[7],"a":[8,16],"parallel":[9],"corpus":[10],"of":[11,18,29,36,42],"Rhetorical":[12],"Structure":[13],"trees":[14],"for":[15,33],"collection":[17],"Japanese":[19],"texts":[20],"and":[21],"their":[22],"corresponding":[23],"English":[24],"translations.":[25],"discuss":[27],"implications":[28],"our":[30],"empirical":[31],"findings":[32],"the":[34,40],"task":[35],"text":[37],"planning":[38],"in":[39],"context":[41],"implementing":[43],"multilingual":[44],"natural":[45],"language":[46],"generation":[47],"systems.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}