{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145734530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118149.1118157","title":"Unsupervised, corpus-based method for extending a biomedical terminology","display_name":"Unsupervised, corpus-based method for extending a biomedical terminology","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145734530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118149.1118157","mag":"2145734530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118149.1118157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118149.1118157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118149.1118157","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACL-02 workshop on Natural language processing in the biomedical domain  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118149.1118157","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073807945","display_name":"Olivier Bodenreider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-4217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Bodenreider","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland","National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046137010","display_name":"Thomas C. Rindflesch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas C. Rindflesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland","National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037397269","display_name":"Anita Burgun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6855-4366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Burgun","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIM - University of Rennes, Rennes Cedex - France","LIM - University of Rennes, Rennes Cedex - France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIM - University of Rennes, Rennes Cedex - France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIM - University of Rennes, Rennes Cedex - France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073807945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77530662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.8849166631698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.8523772954940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8064408898353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6845917105674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6661142110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.593994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5786123275756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5036670565605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4422942101955414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-vocabulary","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","score":0.42952612042427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4253537058830261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.41846340894699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.41843998432159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.20929712057113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07061070203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.062103986740112305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.8849166631698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.8523772954940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8064408898353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6845917105674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6661142110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.593994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5786123275756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5036670565605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4422942101955414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110615152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469824","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.42952612042427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4253537058830261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.41846340894699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.41843998432159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.20929712057113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07061070203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.062103986740112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118149.1118157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118149.1118157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118149.1118157","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACL-02 workshop on Natural language processing in the biomedical domain  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.7851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.7851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov:80/lhc/docs/published/2002/pub2002027.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.12.5842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.5842","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://etbsun2.nlm.nih.gov:8000/publis-ob-offi/pdf/2002-acl-nlpbd-ob-Ft.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.9.9832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.9.9832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/W/W02/W02-0308.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1118149.1118157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1118149.1118157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1118149.1118157","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACL-02 workshop on Natural language processing in the biomedical domain  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145734530.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145734530.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49318788","https://openalex.org/W78496535","https://openalex.org/W135528467","https://openalex.org/W1507826778","https://openalex.org/W1851130972","https://openalex.org/W1966512814","https://openalex.org/W1980860611","https://openalex.org/W2046224275","https://openalex.org/W2115871101","https://openalex.org/W2143154538","https://openalex.org/W2158871393","https://openalex.org/W2164739457","https://openalex.org/W6661954697","https://openalex.org/W6681507056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509297716","https://openalex.org/W1508778694","https://openalex.org/W138082899","https://openalex.org/W2114373757","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2036729745","https://openalex.org/W2010487328","https://openalex.org/W2340589664","https://openalex.org/W1780032657","https://openalex.org/W2264448939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives:":[0],"To":[1],"automatically":[2],"extend":[3],"downwards":[4],"an":[5],"existing":[6,95],"biomedical":[7],"terminology":[8,44,82],"using":[9],"a":[10,57,71,101,109,148],"corpus":[11,28],"and":[12,15,36,50,83,164],"both":[13],"lexical":[14],"terminological":[16],"knowledge.":[17],"Methods:":[18],"Adjectival":[19],"modifiers":[20,86],"are":[21,39,68,158],"removed":[22,87],"from":[23,26,34,54,75,97,126],"terms":[24,38,96,113,130,142],"extracted":[25,33,125],"the":[27,43,61,64,81,85,90,98,119,136,140],"(three":[29],"million":[30,121],"noun":[31],"phrases":[32,123],"MEDLINE),":[35],"demodified":[37,72,91],"searched":[40],"for":[41,100,133],"in":[42,60,80,135],"(UMLS":[45],"Metathesaurus,":[46],"restricted":[47],"to":[48,88],"disorders":[49],"procedures).":[51],"A":[52,105],"phrase":[53,77],"MEDLINE":[55],"becomes":[56],"candidate":[58,112],"term":[59,73,92],"Metathesaurus":[62],"if":[63],"following":[65],"two":[66],"requirements":[67],"met:":[69],"1)":[70],"created":[74],"this":[76,156],"is":[78],"found":[79],"2)":[84],"create":[89],"also":[93],"modify":[94],"terminology,":[99],"given":[102],"semantic":[103],"category.":[104],"manual":[106],"review":[107],"of":[108,111,118,139,155],"sample":[110],"was":[114],"performed.":[115],"Results:":[116],"Out":[117],"3":[120],"simple":[122],"randomly":[124],"MEDLINE,":[127],"125,000":[128],"new":[129],"were":[131,145],"identified":[132],"inclusion":[134],"UMLS.":[137],"83%":[138],"1000":[141],"reviewed":[143],"manually":[144],"associated":[146],"with":[147],"relevant":[149],"UMLS":[150],"concept.":[151],"Discussion:":[152],"The":[153],"limitations":[154],"approach":[157],"discussed,":[159],"as":[160,162],"well":[161],"adaptation":[163],"generalization":[165],"issues.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}