{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966307998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075279","title":"Lexicalized stochastic modeling of constraint-based grammars using log-linear measures and EM training","display_name":"Lexicalized stochastic modeling of constraint-based grammars using log-linear measures and EM training","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966307998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075279","mag":"1966307998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075279","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1075218.1075279","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1075218.1075279","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011749347","display_name":"Stefan Riezler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Riezler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101531241","display_name":"Jonas Kuhn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2860-5960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Kuhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015543135","display_name":"Detlef Prescher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Detlef Prescher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034461489","display_name":"Mark Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-8441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175594653","display_name":"John Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ct41q97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011749347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98368172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"480","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583739519119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.6221154928207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5898023843765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5253469347953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5175116062164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-linear-model","display_name":"Log-linear model","score":0.5159528851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicalization","display_name":"Lexicalization","score":0.483221173286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","score":0.46908822655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.45040401816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4288317561149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","score":0.41588127613067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41064757108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.332869291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3276118040084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-attributed-grammar","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","score":0.3105093836784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2656186819076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.2575106620788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.18496093153953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1293240487575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09416642785072327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583739519119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6221154928207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5898023843765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5253469347953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5175116062164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70519679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6666755","display_name":"Log-linear model","level":3,"score":0.5159528851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777532361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q687185","display_name":"Lexicalization","level":2,"score":0.483221173286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199624470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377216","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","level":5,"score":0.46908822655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.45040401816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4288317561149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134367","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","level":4,"score":0.41588127613067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41064757108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.332869291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3276118040084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.3105093836784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2656186819076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.2575106620788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.18496093153953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1293240487575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09416642785072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075279","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1075218.1075279","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.20.753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P00/P00-1061.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.32.7394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.32.7394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/papers/kuhn/RiPrKuJo-ACL00.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.33.6603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.33.6603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~prescher/Onlinepapers/RiezlerET:2000.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.341.9218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.341.9218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0008034v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.36.2083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.2083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/gramotron/PAPERS/ACL00/ACL00.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075279","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1075218.1075279","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6296468327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"project B7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1966307998.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1966307998.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497916742","https://openalex.org/W1567570606","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1810157568","https://openalex.org/W1916510280","https://openalex.org/W1968953480","https://openalex.org/W1986543644","https://openalex.org/W2001792610","https://openalex.org/W2032558547","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2064070185","https://openalex.org/W2089951031","https://openalex.org/W2097089247","https://openalex.org/W2098379588","https://openalex.org/W2123838014","https://openalex.org/W2149500410","https://openalex.org/W2160842254","https://openalex.org/W2317912355","https://openalex.org/W2439178139","https://openalex.org/W2788296320","https://openalex.org/W2963847008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058948626","https://openalex.org/W1980918784","https://openalex.org/W2153803459","https://openalex.org/W4398164120","https://openalex.org/W2543110176","https://openalex.org/W2403874525","https://openalex.org/W2012632856","https://openalex.org/W1970209336","https://openalex.org/W19708530","https://openalex.org/W1558874415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,54,69,72,79,87],"new":[3,80],"approach":[4],"to":[5,29,66],"stochastic":[6],"modeling":[7],"of":[8,48,62],"constraint-based":[9],"grammars":[10],"that":[11],"is":[12,84],"based":[13],"on":[14,36,53],"loglinear":[15],"models":[16],"and":[17,50],"uses":[18],"EM":[19,76],"for":[20,33,44,58],"estimation":[21],"from":[22,68,75],"unannotated":[23],"data.":[24],"The":[25],"techniques":[26],"are":[27],"applied":[28],"an":[30,37,45,59],"LFG":[31],"grammar":[32,82],"German.":[34],"Evaluation":[35],"exact":[38],"match":[39,57],"task":[40],"yields":[41],"86%":[42],"precision":[43,52],"ambiguity":[46,60],"rate":[47,61],"5.4,":[49],"90%":[51],"subcat":[55],"frame":[56],"25.":[63],"Experimental":[64],"comparison":[65],"training":[67],"parsebank":[70],"shows":[71],"10%":[73,88],"gain":[74,89],"training.":[77],"Also,":[78],"class-based":[81],"lexicalization":[83],"presented,":[85],"showing":[86],"over":[90],"unlexicalized":[91],"models.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
