{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075460950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075260","title":"Named entity extraction based on a maximum entropy model and transformation rules","display_name":"Named entity extraction based on a maximum entropy model and transformation rules","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075460950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075260","mag":"2075460950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075260","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075260&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075260&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108358235","display_name":"Kiyotaka Uchimoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyotaka Uchimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101456529","display_name":"Qing Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-3635"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053483373","display_name":"Masaki Murata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-0584"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Murata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081247609","display_name":"Hiromi Itoh Ozaku","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiromi Ozaku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058557768","display_name":"Hitoshi Isahara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Isahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97514039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"326","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substring","display_name":"Substring","score":0.9284533262252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morpheme","display_name":"Morpheme","score":0.8478540182113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5967514514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5689826011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5202732682228088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5171539187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.5103153586387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.47883012890815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.09082493185997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06662824749946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05962038040161133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182407805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2626534","display_name":"Substring","level":3,"score":0.9284533262252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165297611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43249","display_name":"Morpheme","level":2,"score":0.8478540182113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5967514514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5689826011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5202732682228088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5171539187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.5103153586387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.47883012890815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.09082493185997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06662824749946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05962038040161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075260","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075260&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.20.399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.399","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P00/P00-1042.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075260","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075260&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075460950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075460950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111974331","https://openalex.org/W118884931","https://openalex.org/W1568620938","https://openalex.org/W1575332430","https://openalex.org/W1588383342","https://openalex.org/W1773803948","https://openalex.org/W1965116082","https://openalex.org/W1971763646","https://openalex.org/W1982355965","https://openalex.org/W2096175520","https://openalex.org/W2117400858","https://openalex.org/W2163918411","https://openalex.org/W2963847008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583922594","https://openalex.org/W1542422837","https://openalex.org/W4289013130","https://openalex.org/W4241414757","https://openalex.org/W1974038726","https://openalex.org/W2383186719","https://openalex.org/W4283366759","https://openalex.org/W3041490575","https://openalex.org/W2970690932","https://openalex.org/W2110715801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"named":[3,22],"entity":[4],"(NE)":[5],"extraction":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8,26],"a":[9,56,59],"maximum":[10],"entropy":[11],"(M.E.)":[12],"model":[13],"and":[14,31],"transformation":[15,83],"rules.":[16],"There":[17],"are":[18],"two":[19],"types":[20],"of":[21,39,49,58,66,79],"entities":[23],"when":[24],"focusing":[25],"the":[27,36,40,63,70,76,86],"relationship":[28],"between":[29],"morphemes":[30],"NEs":[32],"as":[33],"defined":[34],"in":[35,44],"NE":[37,47,67,80],"task":[38],"IREX":[41],"competition":[42],"held":[43],"1999.":[45],"Each":[46],"consists":[48],"one":[50],"or":[51,54],"more":[52],"morphemes,":[53],"includes":[55],"substring":[57],"morpheme.":[60],"We":[61,73],"extract":[62,75],"former":[64],"type":[65,78],"by":[68,81],"using":[69],"M.E.":[71],"model.":[72],"then":[74],"latter":[77],"applying":[82],"rules":[84],"to":[85],"text.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}