{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007221309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075231","title":"Spoken dialogue management using probabilistic reasoning","display_name":"Spoken dialogue management using probabilistic reasoning","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007221309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075231","mag":"2007221309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075231","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075231&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075231&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010817303","display_name":"Nicholas Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-0492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080591144","display_name":"Jo\u00eblle Pineau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0747-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joelle Pineau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066710774","display_name":"Sebastian Thrun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Thrun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010817303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":290,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9826905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.9795934557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8143130540847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6982759833335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6489940285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.553066611289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5242660045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.5139350295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4846387505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4671693742275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4318511486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42471253871917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.33281823992729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.30738526582717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.27291062474250793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.9795934557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8143130540847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6982759833335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6489940285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.553066611289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5242660045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.5139350295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4846387505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4671693742275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4318511486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42471253871917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.33281823992729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.30738526582717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27291062474250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075231","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075231&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.32.8204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.32.8204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nickr/papers/acl00.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.33.3644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.33.3644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gs135.sp.cs.cmu.edu/papers/acl00.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.63.1825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.63.1825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jpineau/files/acl00.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.64.2382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.64.2382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub2/roy_nicholas_2000_2/roy_nicholas_2000_2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.92.3141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.92.3141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.mit.edu/nickroy/www/papers/acl00.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1075218.1075231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1075218.1075231","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1075231&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '00","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310174","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007221309.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2007221309.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131709709","https://openalex.org/W1491973539","https://openalex.org/W1496801689","https://openalex.org/W1501187080","https://openalex.org/W1563317173","https://openalex.org/W1978506509","https://openalex.org/W2011147132","https://openalex.org/W2106237563","https://openalex.org/W2113889826","https://openalex.org/W2123651102","https://openalex.org/W2130279443","https://openalex.org/W2141839844","https://openalex.org/W2154740693","https://openalex.org/W2163068732","https://openalex.org/W2168359464","https://openalex.org/W2170602802","https://openalex.org/W6629685604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096013579","https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W1760611253","https://openalex.org/W1515117609","https://openalex.org/W1589140671","https://openalex.org/W4323315247","https://openalex.org/W2294884454","https://openalex.org/W3169161914","https://openalex.org/W4321379664","https://openalex.org/W2211790881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spoken":[0],"dialogue":[1,40,47,70,78,90],"managers":[2],"have":[3],"benefited":[4],"from":[5],"using":[6],"stochastic":[7],"planners":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,81],"Markov":[11,33],"Decision":[12,34],"Processes":[13],"(MDPs).":[14],"However,":[15],"so":[16],"far,":[17],"MDPs":[18],"do":[19],"not":[20],"handle":[21],"well":[22],"noisy":[23,66],"and":[24],"ambiguous":[25],"speech":[26,85],"utterances.":[27],"We":[28,60],"use":[29],"a":[30,68],"Partially":[31],"Observable":[32],"Process":[35],"(POMDP)-style":[36],"approach":[37],"to":[38],"generate":[39],"strategies":[41],"by":[42],"inverting":[43],"the":[44,49,52,57,64,82,88,94],"notion":[45],"of":[46,84],"state;":[48],"state":[50],"represents":[51],"user's":[53],"intentions,":[54],"rather":[55],"than":[56,75],"system":[58],"state.":[59],"demonstrate":[61],"that":[62],"under":[63],"same":[65],"conditions,":[67],"POMDP":[69,89],"manager":[71,91],"makes":[72],"fewer":[73],"mistakes":[74],"an":[76],"MDP":[77],"manager.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"quality":[83],"recognition":[86],"degrades,":[87],"automatically":[92],"adjusts":[93],"policy.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}