{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113002560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073157","title":"An integrated architecture for shallow and deep processing","display_name":"An integrated architecture for shallow and deep processing","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113002560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073157","mag":"2113002560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073157","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073157","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052242583","display_name":"Berthold Crysmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-502X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berthold Crysmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100947652","display_name":"Feiyu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiyu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009990312","display_name":"Markus C. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109393950","display_name":"Hans\u2010Ulrich Krieger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Ulrich Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023977688","display_name":"Anette Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-9817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anette Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049441885","display_name":"Bernd Kiefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-091X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Kiefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101789010","display_name":"Stefan M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111876758","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-2729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnter Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090741889","display_name":"Jakub Piskorski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Piskorski","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010066502","display_name":"Ulrich Sch\u00e4fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-3731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Sch\u00e4fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062936497","display_name":"Melanie Siegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Siegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112249167","display_name":"Hans Uszkoreit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Uszkoreit","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2942,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97692509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"441","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8881466388702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7542939186096191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6858526468276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6196410059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.5616301894187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5292230248451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5107691287994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43227916955947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12791776657104492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8881466388702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7542939186096191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6858526468276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6196410059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.5616301894187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5292230248451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5107691287994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43227916955947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12791776657104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073157","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.16.2380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.2380","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dfki.de/~neumann/publications/new-ps/wb-acl02.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.9001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.9001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P02/P02-1056.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.375.246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.375.246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cl.uni-heidelberg.de/~frank/papers/wb-final-acl2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.71.4334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.71.4334","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dfki.de/~frank/papers/wb-final-acl2002.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.8041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.8041","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dfki.de/~frank/./papers/wb-final-acl2002.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de:23662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-236622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400432","display_name":"Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","host_organization_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceobject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073157","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073157","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113002560.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113002560.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81529571","https://openalex.org/W204004655","https://openalex.org/W222995032","https://openalex.org/W1502968174","https://openalex.org/W1680127546","https://openalex.org/W1872577814","https://openalex.org/W1988519408","https://openalex.org/W2008112715","https://openalex.org/W2021015172","https://openalex.org/W2047226970","https://openalex.org/W2095955690","https://openalex.org/W2139974778","https://openalex.org/W2161204834","https://openalex.org/W3089269909","https://openalex.org/W6604249266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579810227","https://openalex.org/W2142145894","https://openalex.org/W2952780262","https://openalex.org/W2979495269","https://openalex.org/W2392917763","https://openalex.org/W2358855848","https://openalex.org/W2359307945","https://openalex.org/W2366867683","https://openalex.org/W2529247374","https://openalex.org/W1788528807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,87],"present":[1],"an":[2],"architecture":[3],"for":[4,23,103],"the":[5,36,84,91],"integration":[6,37,92],"of":[7,19,26,38,67,73,90],"shallow":[8,47,58],"and":[9,29,57,94,99],"deep":[10,110],"NLP":[11,62],"components":[12,63],"which":[13],"is":[14],"aimed":[15],"at":[16],"flexible":[17],"combination":[18],"different":[20,45],"language":[21,69,100],"technologies":[22],"a":[24,39,65,78,109],"range":[25],"practical":[27],"current":[28],"future":[30],"applications.":[31],"In":[32],"particular,":[33],"we":[34],"describe":[35,88],"high-level":[40],"HPSG":[41],"parsing":[42,56],"system":[43],"with":[44,71],"high-performance":[46],"components,":[48],"ranging":[49],"from":[50,108],"named":[51],"entity":[52],"recognition":[53],"to":[54],"chunk":[55],"clause":[59],"recognition.":[60],"The":[61],"enrich":[64],"representation":[66],"natural":[68],"text":[70,85,106],"layers":[72],"new":[74],"XML":[75],"meta-information":[76],"using":[77],"single":[79],"shared":[80],"data":[81],"structure,":[82],"called":[83],"chart.":[86],"details":[89],"methods,":[93],"show":[95],"how":[96],"information":[97],"extraction":[98],"checking":[101],"applications":[102],"realworld":[104],"German":[105],"benefit":[107],"grammatical":[111],"analysis.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
