{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144226312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073109","title":"Pronunciation modeling for improved spelling correction","display_name":"Pronunciation modeling for improved spelling correction","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144226312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073109","mag":"2144226312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073109","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073109","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073109","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053947885","display_name":"Kristina Toutanova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Toutanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA","Stanford University Stanford CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110435728","display_name":"Robert C. Moore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA","Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053947885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6366,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":190,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87808875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"144","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.9536731839179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.948449969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.834445595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6243628859519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6113157868385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.592860221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5681048631668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5651768445968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4119095206260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.26342707872390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10747864842414856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.9536731839179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.948449969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.834445595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6243628859519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6113157868385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.592860221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5681048631668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5651768445968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4119095206260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.26342707872390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10747864842414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073109","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073109","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.8495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.8495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P02/P02-1019.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.581.8651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.581.8651","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/556/1/2002-48.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073109","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073109","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2144226312.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2144226312.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109079948","https://openalex.org/W1580142630","https://openalex.org/W1972099155","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2016871293","https://openalex.org/W2018616927","https://openalex.org/W2057900969","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2103243174","https://openalex.org/W2144639996","https://openalex.org/W3022051027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100947578","https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W1555832326","https://openalex.org/W4298186509","https://openalex.org/W2556702969","https://openalex.org/W217221262","https://openalex.org/W611030372","https://openalex.org/W1974418053","https://openalex.org/W2081317458","https://openalex.org/W2944691285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,11,37],"method":[4,20],"for":[5,15,26,47],"incorporating":[6],"word":[7,27],"pronunciation":[8,31],"information":[9],"in":[10],"noisy":[12],"channel":[13],"model":[14,25],"spelling":[16,48],"correction.":[17,49],"The":[18],"proposed":[19],"builds":[21],"an":[22],"explicit":[23],"error":[24],"pronunciations.":[28],"By":[29],"modeling":[30],"similarities":[32],"between":[33],"words":[34],"we":[35],"achieve":[36],"substantial":[38],"performance":[39],"improvement":[40],"over":[41],"the":[42],"previous":[43],"best":[44],"performing":[45],"models":[46]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
