{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129882630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073106","title":"A generative constituent-context model for improved grammar induction","display_name":"A generative constituent-context model for improved grammar induction","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129882630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073106","mag":"2129882630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073106","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073106","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073106","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004921249","display_name":"Dan Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8881-1902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA","Stanford University Stanford CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046006076","display_name":"Christopher D. Manning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA","Stanford University Stanford CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004921249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":253,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9553866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"128","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treebank","display_name":"Treebank","score":0.9397045969963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7559441328048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7544269561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7451475858688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7084801197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.629160463809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.55662602186203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5526983737945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5459156036376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.52391517162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5153014659881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-induction","display_name":"Grammar induction","score":0.4780367314815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.47632819414138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.45627301931381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.25163620710372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19819948077201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17502069473266602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206134035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811525","display_name":"Treebank","level":3,"score":0.9397045969963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7559441328048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7544269561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7451475858688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7084801197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.629160463809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.55662602186203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5526983737945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5459156036376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.52391517162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5153014659881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56601403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673","display_name":"Grammar induction","level":3,"score":0.4780367314815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.47632819414138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.45627301931381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.25163620710372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19819948077201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17502069473266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073106","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073106","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.8212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.8212","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P02/P02-1017.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.496.5385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.496.5385","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/534/1/2002-18.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.3976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.3976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-nlp.stanford.edu/~manning/papers/KleinManningACL2002.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1073083.1073106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1073083.1073106","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1073083.1073106","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2129882630.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85505375","https://openalex.org/W1495446613","https://openalex.org/W1556880224","https://openalex.org/W1575798196","https://openalex.org/W1978470410","https://openalex.org/W2019413183","https://openalex.org/W2024657257","https://openalex.org/W2036682528","https://openalex.org/W2047706513","https://openalex.org/W2087099129","https://openalex.org/W2089951031","https://openalex.org/W2102924265","https://openalex.org/W2113075298","https://openalex.org/W2139090905","https://openalex.org/W2149830985","https://openalex.org/W2152810530","https://openalex.org/W2163514362","https://openalex.org/W2170206653","https://openalex.org/W2439178139","https://openalex.org/W2950466045","https://openalex.org/W2951769629","https://openalex.org/W4229785665","https://openalex.org/W4245826738","https://openalex.org/W4256109734","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298258104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1043255351","https://openalex.org/W2135057643","https://openalex.org/W2109902858","https://openalex.org/W1533278948","https://openalex.org/W1781980207","https://openalex.org/W2951759144","https://openalex.org/W28706907","https://openalex.org/W2949524199","https://openalex.org/W2575884139","https://openalex.org/W2017946383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,64,82],"present":[1],"a":[2],"generative":[3],"distributional":[4],"model":[5],"for":[6,103],"the":[7,36,43,79,87,90],"unsupervised":[8,33],"induction":[9],"of":[10,51,59],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"syntax":[13],"which":[14],"explicitly":[15],"models":[16],"constituent":[17],"yields":[18],"and":[19,68,75,95,101],"contexts.":[20],"Parameter":[21],"search":[22],"with":[23],"EM":[24],"produces":[25],"higher":[26,57],"quality":[27],"analyses":[28],"than":[29],"previously":[30],"exhibited":[31],"by":[32,86],"systems,":[34],"giving":[35],"best":[37],"published":[38],"un-supervised":[39],"parsing":[40],"results":[41],"on":[42,47,61],"ATIS":[44],"corpus.":[45],"Experiments":[46],"Penn":[48],"treebank":[49],"sentences":[50],"comparable":[52],"length":[53],"show":[54],"an":[55],"even":[56],"F1":[58],"71%":[60],"non-trivial":[62],"brackets.":[63],"compare":[65,89],"distributionally":[66],"induced":[67],"actual":[69],"part-of-speech":[70],"tags":[71],"as":[72],"input":[73],"data,":[74],"examine":[76],"extensions":[77],"to":[78,92],"basic":[80],"model.":[81],"discuss":[83,96],"errors":[84],"made":[85],"system,":[88],"system":[91],"previous":[93],"models,":[94],"upper":[97],"bounds,":[98,100],"lower":[99],"stability":[102],"this":[104],"task.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}