{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138425667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072064.1072091","title":"BBN","display_name":"BBN","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138425667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072064.1072091","mag":"2138425667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1072064.1072091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072064.1072091","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072064.1072091","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th conference on Message understanding  - MUC4 '92","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072064.1072091","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004004876","display_name":"Damaris Ayuso","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damaris Ayuso","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026968192","display_name":"Sean Boisen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-9379"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Boisen","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035168981","display_name":"Heidi Fox","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015687239","display_name":"Herb Gish","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herb Gish","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013477288","display_name":"Robert Ingria","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ingria","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011618765","display_name":"Ralph Weischedel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Weischedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BBN Systems and Technologies, Cambridge, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1415,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96331392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7746770977973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7637970447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6462995409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6048466563224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.566124439239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5378156900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4318174719810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07782915234565735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7746770977973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7637970447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6462995409965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6048466563224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.566124439239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5378156900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4318174719810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07782915234565735}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1072064.1072091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072064.1072091","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072064.1072091","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th conference on Message understanding  - MUC4 '92","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1072064.1072091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1072064.1072091","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1072064.1072091","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th conference on Message understanding  - MUC4 '92","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138425667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138425667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1718065290","https://openalex.org/W1984480735","https://openalex.org/W1985736442","https://openalex.org/W2034693287","https://openalex.org/W2048179523","https://openalex.org/W2061271742","https://openalex.org/W2064910499","https://openalex.org/W2069841480","https://openalex.org/W2076526090","https://openalex.org/W2092029765","https://openalex.org/W2122214306","https://openalex.org/W6646924596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4206302830","https://openalex.org/W2185941092","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W3210948575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2,57],"the":[3,55],"problem":[4],"of":[5,28,52,66],"extracting":[6],"data":[7],"from":[8],"texts":[9],"have":[10],"emphasized":[11],"hand-crafted":[12],"linguistic":[13,41],"knowledge.":[14],"In":[15],"contrast,":[16],"BBN's":[17],"PLUM":[18],"system":[19],"(Probabilistic":[20],"Language":[21],"Understanding":[22],"Model)":[23],"was":[24],"developed":[25],"as":[26],"part":[27],"a":[29],"DARPA-funded":[30],"research":[31,44],"effort":[32],"on":[33,63],"integrating":[34],"probabilistic":[35],"language":[36],"models":[37],"with":[38],"more":[39,49,71,77,83],"traditional":[40],"techniques.":[42],"Our":[43],"and":[45,68],"development":[46,51],"goals":[47],"are\u2022":[48],"rapid":[50],"new":[53],"applications,\u2022":[54],"ability":[56],"train":[58],"(and":[59],"re-train)":[60],"systems":[61],"based":[62],"user":[64],"markings":[65],"correct":[67],"incorrect":[69],"output,\u2022":[70],"accurate":[72],"selection":[73],"among":[74],"interpretations":[75],"when":[76,87],"than":[78],"one":[79],"is":[80],"found,":[81],"and\u2022":[82],"robust":[84],"partial":[85],"interpretation":[86,90],"no":[88],"complete":[89],"can":[91],"be":[92],"found.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
