{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118215721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1034678.1034747","title":"A semantically-derived subset of English for hardware verification","display_name":"A semantically-derived subset of English for hardware verification","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118215721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1034678.1034747","mag":"2118215721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1034678.1034747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1034678.1034747","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1034678.1034747","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1034678.1034747","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044782070","display_name":"Alexander Holt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Holt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060938605","display_name":"Ewan Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-8447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ewan Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044782070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9539,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8652266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"451","last_page":"456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctl*","display_name":"CTL*","score":0.9154297709465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8087713122367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5810765027999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5768395066261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-tree-logic","display_name":"Computation tree logic","score":0.520035982131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5132200717926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.46842989325523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40349525213241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.3847563862800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3637278974056244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08573421835899353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147969180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014579","display_name":"CTL*","level":4,"score":0.9154297709465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8087713122367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5810765027999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5768395066261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198008173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040040","display_name":"Computation tree logic","level":3,"score":0.520035982131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5132200717926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.46842989325523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40349525213241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.3847563862800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3637278974056244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08573421835899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1034678.1034747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1034678.1034747","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1034678.1034747","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.12.6314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.6314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P99/P99-1058.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.41.3963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.41.3963","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/papers/99holt_acl.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.65.8538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.8538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/papers/99holt_acl.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acl.sr.language-archives.org:P99-1058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P99-1058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402137","display_name":"The COCOON platform (University of Paris)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1034678.1034747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1034678.1034747","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1034678.1034747","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics  -","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320337","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118215721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118215721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22625483","https://openalex.org/W1503170978","https://openalex.org/W1531297643","https://openalex.org/W1575606589","https://openalex.org/W1590315663","https://openalex.org/W1593904304","https://openalex.org/W1651570284","https://openalex.org/W1848127211","https://openalex.org/W1984936841","https://openalex.org/W1996832037","https://openalex.org/W2011623898","https://openalex.org/W2022890244","https://openalex.org/W2034717157","https://openalex.org/W2085574295","https://openalex.org/W2117189826","https://openalex.org/W2133165398","https://openalex.org/W2151499528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2178250883","https://openalex.org/W4285254379","https://openalex.org/W146107827","https://openalex.org/W1973554590","https://openalex.org/W4247671148","https://openalex.org/W2963209892","https://openalex.org/W2073812501","https://openalex.org/W1987761485","https://openalex.org/W4214723139","https://openalex.org/W2381825341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"verify":[1],"hardware":[2],"designs":[3],"by":[4],"model":[5],"checking,":[6],"circuit":[7],"specifications":[8],"are":[9],"commonly":[10],"expressed":[11],"in":[12,78],"the":[13,24,36,71,79],"temporal":[14],"logic":[15],"CTL.":[16],"Automatic":[17],"conversion":[18],"of":[19,26,31,40,49,64],"English":[20,65],"to":[21,45,73],"CTL":[22,41,83],"requires":[23],"definition":[25],"an":[27],"appropriately":[28],"restricted":[29],"subset":[30,80],"English.":[32],"We":[33],"show":[34],"how":[35],"limited":[37],"semantic":[38,62],"expressibility":[39],"can":[42],"be":[43],"exploited":[44],"derive":[46],"a":[47,82],"<i>hierarchy</i>":[48],"subsets.":[50],"Our":[51],"strategy":[52],"avoids":[53],"potential":[54],"difficulties":[55],"with":[56],"approaches":[57],"that":[58,75],"take":[59],"existing":[60],"computational":[61],"analyses":[63],"as":[66,70],"their":[67],"starting":[68],"point---such":[69],"need":[72],"ensure":[74],"all":[76],"sentences":[77],"possess":[81],"translation.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
