{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907455611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","title":"Germinal Center Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Germinal Center Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907455611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","mag":"2907455611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","pdf_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/25905179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/25905179.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044872793","display_name":"Carlos Villase\u00f1or","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-0121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193181351","display_name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","ror":"https://ror.org/043xj7k26","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Villase\u00f1or","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033514957","display_name":"Nancy Arana\u2010Daniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-9502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193181351","display_name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","ror":"https://ror.org/043xj7k26","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Arana-Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Computacin, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mxico","Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Computacin, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mxico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004231492","display_name":"Alma Y. Alan\u00eds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193181351","display_name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","ror":"https://ror.org/043xj7k26","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alma Y. Alanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Computacin, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mxico","Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Computacin, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mxico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082402937","display_name":"Carlos L\u00f3pez-Franco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193181351","display_name":"Universidad de Guadalajara","ror":"https://ror.org/043xj7k26","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos L\u00f3pez-Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garca Barragn 1421, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051418152","display_name":"Esteban A. Hernandez\u2010Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-435X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801628138","display_name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmv8m79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801628138"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esteban A. Hernandez-Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt Institute for Advance Studies Ruth-Moufang-Strae 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt Institute for Advance Studies Ruth-Moufang-Strae 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801628138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033514957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193181351"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1704},"fwci":0.3345,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59405581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germinal-center","display_name":"Germinal center","score":0.6933578252792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.6756019592285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5184614062309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4920205771923065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.4495309293270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36991506814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26210078597068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11306071281433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.0989096462726593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96926380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1737968","display_name":"Germinal center","level":4,"score":0.6933578252792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.6756019592285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5184614062309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4920205771923065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4495309293270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36991506814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26210078597068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11306071281433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0989096462726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778453870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188930","display_name":"B cell","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","pdf_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/25905179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa7030e3021c443ca7a27eb15abb9d6a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa7030e3021c443ca7a27eb15abb9d6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.2018.25905179","pdf_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/25905179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190680769","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","issn_l":"1875-6883","issn":["1875-6883","1875-6891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2687584806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CB258068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2824280498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CB256769","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5027264565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CB256769 and CB258068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323123","display_name":"Alfons und Gertrud Kassel-Stiftung","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907455611.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907455611.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133274504","https://openalex.org/W640727320","https://openalex.org/W1558813989","https://openalex.org/W1566766802","https://openalex.org/W1907177142","https://openalex.org/W1964581121","https://openalex.org/W2013557916","https://openalex.org/W2016932039","https://openalex.org/W2054069391","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2082443476","https://openalex.org/W2121855655","https://openalex.org/W2143560894","https://openalex.org/W2145736817","https://openalex.org/W2149777458","https://openalex.org/W2159476211","https://openalex.org/W2171690009","https://openalex.org/W2281426517","https://openalex.org/W3023169168","https://openalex.org/W4242524636","https://openalex.org/W4252429342","https://openalex.org/W4300106150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009549504","https://openalex.org/W4366549320","https://openalex.org/W4287863136","https://openalex.org/W3006015132","https://openalex.org/W2965078190","https://openalex.org/W3040644038","https://openalex.org/W2140656843","https://openalex.org/W4311207076","https://openalex.org/W3203633096","https://openalex.org/W2355226480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"immune":[1,13],"systems":[2],"are":[3,31],"metaheuristic":[4],"algorithms":[5,184],"that":[6,40,57,66,76,173],"mimic":[7],"the":[8,12,17,24,37,68,72,108,113,131,138,147,152,159,167,174,182],"adaptive":[9],"capabilities":[10],"of":[11,15,23,27,53,101,112,133,140,161,166],"system":[14],"vertebrates.Since":[16],"1990s,":[18],"they":[19],"have":[20],"become":[21],"one":[22,52,141],"main":[25],"branches":[26],"computer":[28],"intelligence.However,":[29],"there":[30],"still":[32],"many":[33,46],"competitive":[34,55,118],"processes":[35,56,119],"in":[36,79,104],"biological":[38],"phenomena":[39],"can":[41,95],"bring":[42],"new":[43],"advances":[44],"for":[45,185],"applications.The":[47],"Germinal":[48,114],"Center":[49,115],"reaction":[50],"is":[51],"these":[54],"had":[58],"not":[59],"been":[60],"fully":[61],"modeled":[62],"until":[63],"now,":[64],"and":[65,110,116,125],"was":[67],"inspiration":[69],"to":[70,88,91,145],"design":[71],"novel":[73],"optimization":[74,170],"algorithm":[75],"we":[77,154],"present":[78],"this":[80,134],"work.Our":[81],"proposal":[82,175],"implements":[83],"a":[84,156,177],"competitive-based":[85],"nonuniform":[86],"distribution":[87],"select":[89],"particles":[90],"be":[92,96],"mutated,":[93],"which":[94],"interpreted":[97],"as":[98],"an":[99],"implementation":[100],"temporal":[102],"leadership":[103],"population-based":[105],"metaheuristics.We":[106],"model":[107],"dark-zone":[109],"light-zone":[111],"their":[117],"like":[120],"clonal":[121],"expansion,":[122],"T-cell":[123],"binding":[124],"life":[126],"signal":[127],"decay.We":[128],"also":[129],"propose":[130],"combination":[132],"selection":[135],"method":[136],"with":[137,158],"use":[139],"Differential":[142],"Evolution-based":[143],"strategy":[144],"substitute":[146],"somatic":[148],"hypermutation":[149],"process.To":[150],"show":[151,172],"performance,":[153],"include":[155],"benchmark":[157],"comparison":[160],"our":[162],"approach":[163],"versus":[164],"some":[165],"state-of-the-art":[168],"bio-inspired":[169],"algorithms.We":[171],"has":[176],"statistically":[178],"significant":[179],"improvement":[180],"over":[181],"other":[183],"low":[186],"dimensionality":[187],"problems.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}