{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2725328095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/pz3t","title":"Abduction by Non-Experts","display_name":"Abduction by Non-Experts","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2725328095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/pz3t","mag":"2725328095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/pz3t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/pz3t","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/cKL","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/cKL","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091080723","display_name":"Nikolaj Bj\u00f8rner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-2810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaj Bjorner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060253003","display_name":"Dejan Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-7874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejan Jovanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037225703","display_name":"Tancr\u00e8de Lepoint","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-042X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tancr\u00e8de Lepoint","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022025835","display_name":"Philipp R\u00fcmmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-7098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp R\u00fcmmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uppsala University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005632259","display_name":"Martin Sch\u00e4f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-0178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Sch\u00e4f","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00754865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"58","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9749979376792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8476598262786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.648790180683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6067892909049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horn-clause","display_name":"Horn clause","score":0.5875410437583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5662850737571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5144317746162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing-software-development","display_name":"Crowdsourcing software development","score":0.4997541904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4985654354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.43571698665618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4246007204055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3540506362915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3490446209907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.33755362033843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-programming","display_name":"Logic programming","score":0.21629011631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.17394879460334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.13133198022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12337931990623474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9749979376792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8476598262786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.648790180683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6067892909049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189790780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933932","display_name":"Horn clause","level":3,"score":0.5875410437583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5662850737571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5144317746162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32810761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17082146","display_name":"Crowdsourcing software development","level":5,"score":0.4997541904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4985654354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43571698665618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4246007204055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3540506362915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3490446209907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33755362033843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.21629011631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.17394879460334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.13133198022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12337931990623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/pz3t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/pz3t","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/cKL","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/pz3t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/pz3t","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/cKL","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7223317059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1528153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2725328095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2725328095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145069693","https://openalex.org/W967948971","https://openalex.org/W1534850143","https://openalex.org/W1560253649","https://openalex.org/W1596531406","https://openalex.org/W1970168990","https://openalex.org/W1993255342","https://openalex.org/W2014280607","https://openalex.org/W2018744255","https://openalex.org/W2103363198","https://openalex.org/W2106192381","https://openalex.org/W2110908283","https://openalex.org/W2122599614","https://openalex.org/W2158493209","https://openalex.org/W2293809538","https://openalex.org/W2294950441","https://openalex.org/W2387053495","https://openalex.org/W2397041770","https://openalex.org/W2410019603","https://openalex.org/W2416392025","https://openalex.org/W2483771058","https://openalex.org/W2514073783","https://openalex.org/W2522186013","https://openalex.org/W2571456046","https://openalex.org/W2578996956","https://openalex.org/W2605936155","https://openalex.org/W3004024657","https://openalex.org/W3020819715","https://openalex.org/W4241197535","https://openalex.org/W4243887386","https://openalex.org/W4244556925","https://openalex.org/W4253311446","https://openalex.org/W4295176735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2512762878","https://openalex.org/W162737300","https://openalex.org/W2520748299","https://openalex.org/W2033745466","https://openalex.org/W2520160102","https://openalex.org/W2046555014","https://openalex.org/W3131060711","https://openalex.org/W2548342535","https://openalex.org/W3125008079","https://openalex.org/W2287983667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowdsourcing":[0],"promises":[1],"to":[2,43,53,63,69,97,116,130,142],"quasi-automate":[3],"tasks":[4,27,60],"that":[5,23,50,58,75,103,119],"cannot":[6],"be":[7,35],"automated":[8],"otherwise.":[9,37],"Success":[10],"stories":[11],"like":[12],"natural":[13],"language":[14],"translation":[15],"or":[16],"recognition":[17],"of":[18,94],"cats":[19],"in":[20,47,162],"images":[21],"show":[22,158],"carefully":[24],"crafted":[25],"crowdsourcing":[26,96,111,160],"solve":[28,64,70],"large":[29],"problem":[30,46],"instances":[31],"which":[32],"could":[33],"not":[34],"solved":[36],"To":[38],"utilize":[39],"crowdsourcing,":[40],"one":[41],"has":[42],"define":[44],"the":[45,59,76,82,163],"a":[48,72,91,107,123,148,154],"way":[49],"is":[51,84,122,128,140],"easy":[52,62,115,141],"split":[54],"into":[55],"small":[56],"tasks,":[57],"are":[61,114],"for":[65,71,110,134],"humans":[66],"and":[67,74,118,166],"hard":[68,129],"machine,":[73],"machine":[77],"can":[78],"efficiently":[79],"check":[80,143],"if":[81,144],"solution":[83],"correct.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper":[88],"we":[89,157],"discuss":[90],"novel":[92],"approach":[93],"using":[95],"assist":[98],"software":[99],"verification.":[100],"We":[101,152],"argue":[102],"Horn":[104,135,149],"clauses":[105,136],"form":[106],"good":[108],"base":[109],"since":[112,126],"they":[113],"subdivide,":[117],"logic":[120],"abduction":[121],"suitable":[124],"task":[125],"it":[127,139],"find":[131],"abductive":[132],"inferences":[133],"automatically,":[137],"but":[138],"an":[145],"inference":[146],"makes":[147],"clause":[150],"valid.":[151],"describe":[153],"prototype":[155],"implementation,":[156],"how":[159],"integrates":[161],"verification":[164],"process,":[165],"present":[167],"preliminary":[168],"results.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
