{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379193138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h4p7","title":"Overapproximation of Non-Linear Integer Arithmetic for Smart Contract Verification","display_name":"Overapproximation of Non-Linear Integer Arithmetic for Smart Contract Verification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379193138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h4p7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/h4p7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29007/h4p7","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/paper/BlrQ/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/paper/BlrQ/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000381423","display_name":"Petra Hozzov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0845-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petra Hozzov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088763903","display_name":"Jaroslav Bend\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-3028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092647","display_name":"Research and Studies Telecommunications Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00ga0xw04","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092647"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaroslav Bend\u00edk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Certora"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Certora","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088891581","display_name":"Alexander Nutz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092647","display_name":"Research and Studies Telecommunications Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00ga0xw04","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092647"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Nutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Certora"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Certora","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086834756","display_name":"Yoav Rodeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7224-6451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092647","display_name":"Research and Studies Telecommunications Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00ga0xw04","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092647"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoav Rodeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Certora"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Certora","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092647"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000381423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4947,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67015158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.66521155834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.5864588022232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5134566426277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-meter-prover","display_name":"Gas meter prover","score":0.5079882740974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-theorem-proving","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","score":0.48211169242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrary-precision-arithmetic","display_name":"Arbitrary-precision arithmetic","score":0.4383035898208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37055766582489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31755584478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2513541877269745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.14545002579689026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.66521155834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5864588022232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5134566426277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.5079882740974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.48211169242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527381","display_name":"Arbitrary-precision arithmetic","level":2,"score":0.4383035898208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37055766582489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31755584478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2513541877269745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.14545002579689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/h4p7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29007/h4p7","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/paper/BlrQ/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.10174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10174","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.10174","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/h4p7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29007/h4p7","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/paper/BlrQ/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1975729292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W1255-N23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8680849391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W1255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379193138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379193138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484559376","https://openalex.org/W1513458930","https://openalex.org/W1974368544","https://openalex.org/W2159595840","https://openalex.org/W2277676404","https://openalex.org/W2512649355","https://openalex.org/W2571168937","https://openalex.org/W2765527199","https://openalex.org/W2809752556","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4225922019","https://openalex.org/W4233607861","https://openalex.org/W4245640662","https://openalex.org/W4391285994","https://openalex.org/W6698777470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246350535","https://openalex.org/W3083050876","https://openalex.org/W1875958796","https://openalex.org/W1780472831","https://openalex.org/W1976200187","https://openalex.org/W1561644379","https://openalex.org/W2969536091","https://openalex.org/W2060759735","https://openalex.org/W783488073","https://openalex.org/W4387323780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"need":[1],"to":[2,11,89],"solve":[3],"non-linear":[4,39,48,74],"arithmetic":[5,41,45,76],"constraints":[6],"presents":[7],"a":[8,91],"major":[9],"obstacle":[10],"the":[12,25,31,53,64,72,82,85],"automatic":[13],"verification":[14,33,60],"of":[15,38,55,84,94],"smart":[16],"contracts.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"case":[20],"study":[21],"we":[22],"focus":[23],"on":[24,59],"two":[26,69],"overapproximation":[27,37,86],"techniques":[28],"used":[29],"by":[30,63],"industry":[32],"tool":[34],"Certora":[35,65],"Prover:":[36],"integer":[40,44,75],"using":[42,47,67],"linear":[43],"and":[46],"real":[49],"arithmetic.":[50],"We":[51],"compare":[52],"performance":[54],"contemporary":[56],"SMT":[57],"solvers":[58],"conditions":[61],"produced":[62],"Prover":[66],"these":[68],"approximations":[70],"against":[71],"natural":[73],"encoding.":[77],"Our":[78],"evaluation":[79],"shows":[80],"that":[81],"use":[83],"methods":[87],"leads":[88],"solving":[90],"significant":[92],"number":[93],"new":[95],"problems.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2023-06-04T00:00:00"}
