{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012204285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h35c","title":"Attitudes of Belgian Companies towards Outsourcing Microwork to Africa","display_name":"Attitudes of Belgian Companies towards Outsourcing Microwork to Africa","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012204285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h35c","mag":"3012204285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/h35c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h35c","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/39JC","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/39JC","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015262738","display_name":"Jean-Paul Van Belle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-0143"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Paul Van Belle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047576188","display_name":"Karijn Bonne","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karijn Bonne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006686797","display_name":"Ilse Cocquyt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12607205","display_name":"HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs45z86","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12607205"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157803","display_name":"Artevelde University College Ghent","ror":"https://ror.org/04ffw0491","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157803"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilse Cocquyt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artevelde Hogeschool, Gent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artevelde Hogeschool, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157803","https://openalex.org/I12607205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032420281","display_name":"Malcolm Garbutt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-0415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Garbutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35171985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"382","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.9438802003860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.7253910899162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.7160863876342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"Unemployment","score":0.5947142243385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-process-outsourcing","display_name":"Knowledge process outsourcing","score":0.498546838760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.37868550419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.2488672435283661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12375661730766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10576421022415161}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9438802003860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7253910899162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7160863876342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5947142243385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108474776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917279","display_name":"Knowledge process outsourcing","level":3,"score":0.498546838760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.37868550419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2488672435283661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12375661730766296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10576421022415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/h35c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h35c","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/39JC","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/h35c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/h35c","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/39JC","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012204285.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012204285.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686623361","https://openalex.org/W2034932163","https://openalex.org/W2139460379","https://openalex.org/W2597072875","https://openalex.org/W2766402129","https://openalex.org/W2891072787","https://openalex.org/W2898255935","https://openalex.org/W3125000322","https://openalex.org/W6637383473","https://openalex.org/W6754859925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051978093","https://openalex.org/W21892006","https://openalex.org/W2375611471","https://openalex.org/W2187029649","https://openalex.org/W1985903762","https://openalex.org/W2291845669","https://openalex.org/W2993942913","https://openalex.org/W16029031","https://openalex.org/W2392217653","https://openalex.org/W2742898661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,34,77],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,15,80,106],"attitude":[4],"of":[5,17,32,46],"Belgian":[6],"companies":[7,41,68,84,91],"to":[8,11,36,85,88,111,114,120],"outsource":[9,86],"microwork":[10,87],"Africa.":[12,89,121],"Microwork":[13],"has":[14],"potential":[16],"alleviating":[18],"high":[19],"youth":[20],"unemployment":[21],"in":[22,66,92],"Africa":[23],"and":[24,61,109],"simultaneously":[25],"improving":[26],"African":[27],"digital":[28],"economies.":[29],"The":[30,76],"purpose":[31],"this":[33],"is":[35,64],"find":[37],"out":[38],"whether":[39,62],"overseas":[40],"are":[42,52,58,102],"already":[43],"making":[44],"use":[45,73],"micro":[47,74],"job":[48],"outsourcing,":[49],"which":[50,56],"platforms":[51],"used":[53],"for":[54],"this,":[55],"jobs":[57],"being":[59],"outsourced":[60],"there":[63],"interest":[65],"those":[67],"that":[69,82],"still":[70],"do":[71],"not":[72],"work.":[75],"also":[78],"discusses":[79],"barriers":[81,108],"prevent":[83],"196":[90],"Flanders":[93],"(Belgium)":[94],"were":[95],"surveyed":[96],"using":[97],"a":[98],"questionnaire.":[99],"Five":[100],"recommendations":[101],"presented,":[103],"based":[104],"on":[105],"perceived":[107],"issues,":[110],"entice":[112],"them":[113],"start":[115],"or":[116],"increase":[117],"outsourcing":[118],"micro-work":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}