{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902786929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/fxvv","title":"A Non-Reversible Insertion Method for Hardware Trojans Based on Path Delay Faults","display_name":"A Non-Reversible Insertion Method for Hardware Trojans Based on Path Delay Faults","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902786929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/fxvv","mag":"2902786929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/fxvv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/fxvv","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/ZbpT","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/ZbpT","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004043077","display_name":"A. S. Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093896","display_name":"Tohoku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00kcd6x60","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034718952","display_name":"Rei Ueno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093896","display_name":"Tohoku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00kcd6x60","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rei Ueno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069532722","display_name":"Naofumi Homma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-3126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093896","display_name":"Tohoku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00kcd6x60","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofumi Homma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037666211","display_name":"Takafumi Aoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-2416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093896","display_name":"Tohoku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00kcd6x60","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takafumi Aoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093896"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14409155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glitch","display_name":"Glitch","score":0.735853374004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.7034951448440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6245831251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6047723293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4723079204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4231148958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4224017858505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.34173351526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3351559638977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3239569365978241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1838417649269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09067681431770325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191287063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543281","display_name":"Glitch","level":3,"score":0.735853374004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7034951448440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6245831251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6047723293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4723079204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4231148958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4224017858505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.34173351526260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3351559638977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3239569365978241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1838417649269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09067681431770325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/fxvv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/fxvv","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/ZbpT","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/fxvv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/fxvv","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/ZbpT","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3679401374","display_name":"Development of constitution method for instruction sequence against cyber-physical cooperative attacks on embedded systems","funder_award_id":"16K12436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3813940528","display_name":"Development of high-level design methodology for security hardware based on redundant Galois-field arithmetic","funder_award_id":"17H00729","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G899722020","display_name":"\u6697\u53f7\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30c3\u30b5\u306e\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e96\u8a2d\u8a08\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"16J05711","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902786929.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902786929.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76123274","https://openalex.org/W2014828568","https://openalex.org/W2089318631","https://openalex.org/W2122509673","https://openalex.org/W2170489924","https://openalex.org/W2478867270","https://openalex.org/W2883332168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140328632","https://openalex.org/W2541225405","https://openalex.org/W2149184458","https://openalex.org/W4316660008","https://openalex.org/W2373956461","https://openalex.org/W1971856568","https://openalex.org/W1482101251","https://openalex.org/W1505247109","https://openalex.org/W2898595008","https://openalex.org/W2807479533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,110],"paper":[1,111],"presents":[2,113],"a":[3,15,42,54,78,91,99,106,114,145,151,165],"non-reversible":[4],"method":[5,59,76,116,148,174],"for":[6,47,89,117,149],"stealthily":[7],"inserting":[8],"hardware":[9],"Tro-":[10],"jan":[11],"(HT)":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14],"path":[16,45,88,92,152],"delay":[17,93,153],"fault":[18,154],"called":[19],"Path":[20],"Delay":[21],"HT":[22],"(PDHT).":[23],"While":[24],"PDHT":[25,48,124,134,170],"is":[26,38,49,135,175],"hardly":[27],"detected":[28],"by":[29,68,172],"the":[30,74,86,103,131,169,181],"conventional":[31,75,182],"methods":[32],"including":[33],"Monte-Carlo":[34,166],"tests,":[35],"its":[36,69],"practicality":[37],"still":[39],"unclear":[40],"because":[41],"rarely":[43],"sensitized":[44],"used":[46],"selected":[50,87],"and":[51,95,143,164],"exploited":[52],"in":[53,101,178],"deterministic":[55,58],"manner.":[56],"Such":[57],"indicates":[60],"that":[61,130,168],"we":[62,97],"can":[63],"find":[64],"possible":[65],"PDHT-inserted":[66],"paths":[67,121],"reversed":[70],"method.":[71,183],"In":[72],"addition,":[73],"uses":[77],"genetic":[79],"algorithm":[80],"to":[81,108,122,137],"add":[82],"extra":[83],"delays":[84],"onto":[85],"inducing":[90,150],"fault,":[94],"therefore,":[96],"have":[98],"difficulty":[100],"evaluating":[102],"resistance/vulnerability":[104],"of":[105,133,156],"circuit":[107],"PDHT.":[109],"first":[112],"new":[115,146],"selecting":[118],"sufficiently":[119,176],"rare":[120],"insert":[123],"at":[125],"random.":[126],"We":[127,158],"then":[128],"show":[129],"detectability/stealthiness":[132],"related":[136],"switching":[138],"activity":[139],"(i.e.,":[140],"glitch":[141],"effect),":[142],"present":[144],"systematic":[147],"instead":[155],"GA.":[157],"demonstrate":[159],"through":[160],"an":[161],"experimental":[162],"PDHT-insertion":[163],"test":[167],"inserted":[171],"our":[173],"undetectable":[177],"comparison":[179],"with":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}