{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3032095642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/cz1f","title":"Decision levels are stable: towards better SAT heuristics","display_name":"Decision levels are stable: towards better SAT heuristics","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3032095642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/cz1f","mag":"3032095642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/cz1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/cz1f","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Bz5Z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Bz5Z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033002201","display_name":"Robert Nieuwenhuis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Nieuwenhuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044413969","display_name":"Adri\u00e0 Lozano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adri\u00e0 Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087949614","display_name":"Albert Oliveras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Oliveras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091244452","display_name":"Enric Rodr\u00edguez-Carbonell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-3954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enric Rodr\u00edguez-Carbonell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033002201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08887743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":""},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.902336061000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.8017174601554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6884053945541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.5539758801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5451445579528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.525256335735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5198829174041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.49965524673461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.48003020882606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4399907886981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literal","display_name":"Literal (mathematical logic)","score":0.42367202043533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.42071765661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4190797209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27550172805786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20161449909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18279346823692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.15809765458106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.07887479662895203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.902336061000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.8017174601554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6884053945541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.5539758801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5451445579528809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.525256335735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5198829174041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.49965524673461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.48003020882606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4399907886981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780882242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14235582","display_name":"Literal (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.42367202043533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.42071765661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4190797209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27550172805786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20161449909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18279346823692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.15809765458106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.07887479662895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/cz1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/cz1f","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Bz5Z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/349696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/349696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/cz1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/cz1f","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Bz5Z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.75,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032095642.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032095642.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78552530","https://openalex.org/W1481397690","https://openalex.org/W1492234230","https://openalex.org/W1526260260","https://openalex.org/W1546943373","https://openalex.org/W1605798759","https://openalex.org/W2012413542","https://openalex.org/W2036265926","https://openalex.org/W2044560939","https://openalex.org/W2076933173","https://openalex.org/W2098993696","https://openalex.org/W2116758077","https://openalex.org/W2125024536","https://openalex.org/W2129791282","https://openalex.org/W2152498238","https://openalex.org/W2160464614","https://openalex.org/W2416290426","https://openalex.org/W2760767853","https://openalex.org/W2979928436","https://openalex.org/W2990320905","https://openalex.org/W2990602799","https://openalex.org/W4233090747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992977619","https://openalex.org/W2039120963","https://openalex.org/W3176904788","https://openalex.org/W21597398","https://openalex.org/W4298153058","https://openalex.org/W2408080066","https://openalex.org/W2268872489","https://openalex.org/W1913543287","https://openalex.org/W2014111643","https://openalex.org/W2963044240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,116,140],"shed":[1],"new":[2,148],"light":[3],"on":[4,93],"the":[5,23,61,78,102],"Literal":[6],"Block":[7],"Distance":[8],"(LBD)":[9],"and":[10,48,70,74,127,144,161],"glue-based":[11],"heuristics":[12,152],"used":[13],"in":[14,111,122,165],"current":[15],"SAT":[16,33,85,91,155],"solvers.":[17,167],"For":[18],"this,":[19],"we":[20,40,76],"first":[21],"introduce":[22],"concept":[24],"of":[25,30,38,67,137],"stickiness:":[26],"given":[27,83],"a":[28,31,43,68,84,112,123],"run":[29,124],"CDCL":[32,90],"solver,":[34],"for":[35,154],"each":[36],"pair":[37],"literals":[39,106],"define,":[41],"by":[42],"real":[44],"value":[45],"between":[46,105],"0":[47],"1,":[49],"how":[50,55,118,143],"sticky":[51],"they":[52,57],"are,":[53],"basically,":[54],"frequently":[56],"are":[58],"set":[59],"at":[60],"same":[62],"decision":[63],"level.":[64],"By":[65],"means":[66],"careful":[69],"detailed":[71],"experimental":[72],"setup":[73],"analysis,":[75],"confirm":[77],"following":[79],"quite":[80],"surprising":[81],"fact:":[82],"instance,":[86],"when":[87],"running":[88],"different":[89,135],"solvers":[92],"it,":[94],"no":[95],"matter":[96],"their":[97],"settings":[98],"or":[99],"random":[100],"seeds,":[101],"stickiness":[103,120],"relation":[104],"is":[107,131],"always":[108],"very":[109],"similar,":[110],"precisely":[113],"defined":[114],"sense.":[115],"analyze":[117],"quickly":[119],"stabilizes":[121],"(quite":[125],"quickly),":[126],"show":[128],"that":[129],"it":[130],"stable":[132],"even":[133],"under":[134],"encodings":[136],"cardinality":[138],"constraints.":[139],"then":[141],"describe":[142],"why":[145],"these":[146],"solid":[147],"insights":[149],"lead":[150],"to":[151],"refinements":[153],"(and":[156],"extensions,":[157],"such":[158],"as":[159],"SMT)":[160],"improved":[162],"information":[163],"sharing":[164],"parallel":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
