{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2579738600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/8drm","title":"Benchmark Problem: A PK/PD Model and Safety Constraints for Anesthesia Delivery","display_name":"Benchmark Problem: A PK/PD Model and Safety Constraints for Anesthesia Delivery","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2579738600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/8drm","mag":"2579738600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/8drm","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/8drm","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/R8kX","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/R8kX","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077572213","display_name":"Victor C. Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-2729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victor Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045540","display_name":"Guy A. Dumont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-4391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Dumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086488324","display_name":"Ian M. Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7053-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077572213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1007,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85864149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":""},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11785","display_name":"Nausea and vomiting management","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7247040271759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propofol","display_name":"Propofol","score":0.6727168560028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypnosis","display_name":"Hypnosis","score":0.6527915000915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5979564189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconsciousness","display_name":"Unconsciousness","score":0.586217999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","score":0.4730723798274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","score":0.44042694568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.42683154344558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41070759296417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.3241952955722809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2282499074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.12807798385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08573678135871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08568689227104187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7247040271759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422740","display_name":"Propofol","level":2,"score":0.6727168560028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514803892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8609","display_name":"Hypnosis","level":3,"score":0.6527915000915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5979564189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776470351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12829165","display_name":"Unconsciousness","level":2,"score":0.586217999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111113717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725307","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","level":3,"score":0.4730723798274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.44042694568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.42683154344558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41070759296417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3241952955722809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2282499074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.12807798385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08573678135871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08568689227104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/8drm","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/8drm","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/R8kX","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/8drm","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/8drm","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/R8kX","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165548363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Canada","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284766523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NSERC)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2579738600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2579738600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517386226","https://openalex.org/W1976646617","https://openalex.org/W2001032235","https://openalex.org/W2048373079","https://openalex.org/W2053114036","https://openalex.org/W2060357972","https://openalex.org/W2085744412","https://openalex.org/W2093865019","https://openalex.org/W2103162678","https://openalex.org/W2158048639","https://openalex.org/W2159741665","https://openalex.org/W2162067857","https://openalex.org/W2313969172","https://openalex.org/W2461147120","https://openalex.org/W4244416786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2428256220","https://openalex.org/W1983478236","https://openalex.org/W2134150245","https://openalex.org/W2116710756","https://openalex.org/W1995361016","https://openalex.org/W4211232185","https://openalex.org/W2391133096","https://openalex.org/W137716255","https://openalex.org/W2254638634","https://openalex.org/W2369345461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hypnosis,":[0],"or":[1],"depth":[2,62],"of":[3,7,10,23,63,103,106,113,150],"unconsciousness,":[4],"is":[5,47,69,74,118,141],"one":[6,148],"the":[8,40,45,50,53,58,61,104,151],"goals":[9],"general":[11],"anesthesia.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14,90,139],"brief":[15],"paper":[16],"we":[17,126,143],"provide":[18,144],"a":[19,26,70,83,107,116],"differential":[20],"equation":[21],"model":[22,36,68,91,117],"how":[24,44,57,89],"propofol,":[25],"commonly":[27],"used":[28],"intravenous":[29],"anesthetic":[30],"drug,":[31],"leads":[32],"to":[33,99,119,136,146],"hypnosis.":[34,64],"The":[35],"has":[37],"two":[38],"components:":[39],"pharmacokinetics":[41],"(PK)":[42],"describing":[43,56],"drug":[46,59],"metabolized":[48],"by":[49],"body,":[51],"and":[52,73,82],"pharmacodynamics":[54],"(PD)":[55],"effects":[60],"This":[65],"standard":[66],"PK/PD":[67],"compartmental":[71],"model,":[72],"linear":[75],"except":[76],"for":[77],"an":[78,128],"internal":[79],"time":[80],"delay":[81],"nonlinear":[84],"output":[85],"mapping.":[86],"We":[87],"discuss":[88],"can":[92],"be":[93],"simplified":[94],"and/or":[95],"complexified":[96],"so":[97,125],"as":[98],"take":[100],"best":[101],"advantage":[102],"capabilities":[105],"particular":[108],"analysis":[109],"method.":[110],"One":[111],"goal":[112],"developing":[114],"such":[115],"ensure":[120],"patient":[121],"safety":[122,130],"during":[123],"surgery,":[124],"describe":[127],"example":[129],"verification":[131],"problem.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"in":[134],"order":[135],"demonstrate":[137],"that":[138],"benchmark":[140],"operational,":[142],"code":[145],"simulate":[147],"version":[149],"system.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}