{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387868663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/5s2x","title":"The Vehicle Tutorial: Neural Network Verification with Vehicle","display_name":"The Vehicle Tutorial: Neural Network Verification with Vehicle","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387868663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/5s2x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/5s2x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/5s2x","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Rkrv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Rkrv","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006770740","display_name":"Matthew L. Daggitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2552-3671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Daggitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079083322","display_name":"Wen Kokke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-0381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Kokke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026643182","display_name":"Ekaterina Komendantskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-0987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekaterina Komendantskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036444096","display_name":"Robert Atkey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4414-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Atkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081890987","display_name":"Luca Arnaboldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-2456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Arnaboldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065519694","display_name":"Natalia Slusarz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Slusarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074844361","display_name":"Marco Casadio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Casadio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093111187","display_name":"Ben Coke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Coke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047424361","display_name":"Jeonghyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-1063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeonghyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006770740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6913,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76376647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":""},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8062554597854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-theorem-proving","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","score":0.6500037312507629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.627101719379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.6086644530296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5653336644172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5494368672370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4622046947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.448426753282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-meter-prover","display_name":"Gas meter prover","score":0.4435926675796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.43870043754577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.433304101228714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"Software verification","score":0.4311598539352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.22060421109199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.09596797823905945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8062554597854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.6500037312507629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.627101719379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.6086644530296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5653336644172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5494368672370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4622046947479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.448426753282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.4435926675796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.43870043754577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.433304101228714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33054407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504747","display_name":"Software verification","level":5,"score":0.4311598539352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.22060421109199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.09596797823905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/5s2x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/5s2x","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Rkrv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/1097fce6-8411-4dbf-b9d3-a40e6f454f70","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/1097fce6-8411-4dbf-b9d3-a40e6f454f70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Daggitt, M L, Kokke, W, Komendantskaya, E, Atkey, R, Arnaboldi, L, Slusarz, N, Casadio, M, Coke, B & Lee, J 2023, The Vehicle Tutorial: Neural Network Verification with Vehicle. in FoMLAS@ CAV. pp. 1-5.","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/5s2x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/5s2x","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/Rkrv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650884","display_name":"Kalpa publications in computing","issn_l":"2515-1762","issn":["2515-1762"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kalpa Publications in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4733191859","display_name":"AISEC: AI Secure and Explainable by Construction","funder_award_id":"EP/T027037/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4824609572","display_name":"AISEC: AI Secure and Explainable by Construction","funder_award_id":"EP/T026960/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5778312650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T026952/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5838310497","display_name":"AISEC: AI Secure and Explainable by Construction","funder_award_id":"EP/T026952/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387868663.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594877703","https://openalex.org/W2923924002","https://openalex.org/W2957311447","https://openalex.org/W3088769934","https://openalex.org/W3205663647","https://openalex.org/W4290087446","https://openalex.org/W4315630531","https://openalex.org/W4379193103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246350535","https://openalex.org/W4238632608","https://openalex.org/W3083050876","https://openalex.org/W1875958796","https://openalex.org/W1780472831","https://openalex.org/W1976200187","https://openalex.org/W1561644379","https://openalex.org/W2969536091","https://openalex.org/W783488073","https://openalex.org/W2584449131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,22],"components,":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,120,233,259,261],"neural":[5,35,53,69,107,138,168],"networks,":[6,54],"gradually":[7],"make":[8],"their":[9],"way":[10],"into":[11,52,160],"software;":[12],"and,":[13],"when":[14],"the":[15,20,32,64,74,125,133,137,143,163,167,191,253,257,264],"software":[16],"is":[17,76],"critically":[18],"safe,":[19],"machine":[21],"components":[23],"must":[24],"be":[25,82,98,115,118,146,158,218,231],"verifiably":[26],"safe.":[27],"This":[28],"gives":[29],"rise":[30],"to":[31,61,66,117,148,181,190,202,221,230,241],"problem":[33,126],"of":[34,104,184,206,252,263],"network":[36,108,225],"verification.":[37,59],"The":[38,79,95,112],"community":[39],"has":[40],"been":[41],"making":[42],"rapid":[43],"progress":[44],"in":[45,56,100,256],"developing":[46],"methods":[47],"for":[48,224],"incorporating":[49],"logical":[50],"specifications":[51],"both":[55],"training":[57,90,237],"and":[58,85,91,195,208,238],"However,":[60],"truly":[62],"unlock":[63],"ability":[65],"verify":[67],"real-world":[68],"network-enhanced":[70],"systems":[71,165],"we":[72,173,212,249],"believe":[73],"following":[75],"necessary:":[77],"1.":[78],"specification":[80,96,113,144,193,216],"should":[81,86,97,114,145],"written":[83,99,119],"once":[84],"automatically":[87],"work":[88],"with":[89],"verification":[92,142],"tools.":[93],"2.":[94],"a":[101,121,130,176,204,215,243],"manner":[102],"independent":[103],"any":[105],"particular":[106],"training/inference":[109],"platform.":[110],"3.":[111],"able":[116],"high-level":[122],"property":[123,131],"over":[124,132],"space,":[127],"rather":[128],"than":[129],"input":[134],"space":[135],"(of":[136],"network).":[139],"4.":[140],"After":[141],"exportable":[147],"general":[149],"interactive":[150,245],"theorem":[151,246],"provers":[152],"so":[153],"that":[154,178],"its":[155],"proof":[156],"can":[157,217],"incorporated":[159],"proofs":[161],"about":[162],"larger":[164],"around":[166],"network.":[169],"In":[170],"this":[171],"tutorial":[172],"presented":[174],"Vehicle,":[175],"tool":[177],"allows":[179],"users":[180],"do":[182],"all":[183],"this.":[185],"We":[186],"provided":[187],"an":[188],"introduction":[189],"Vehicle":[192],"language,":[194],"then":[196],"walked":[197],"attendees":[198],"through":[199],"using":[200],"it":[201],"express":[203],"variety":[205],"famous":[207],"not-so-famous":[209],"specifications.":[210],"Subsequently":[211],"demonstrate":[213],"how":[214],"compiled":[219],"down":[220],"i)":[222],"queries":[223],"verifiers,":[226],"ii)":[227],"Tensorflow":[228],"graphs":[229],"used":[232],"loss":[234],"functions":[235],"during":[236],"iii)":[239],"cross-compiled":[240],"Agda,":[242],"main-stream":[244],"prover.":[247],"Finally":[248],"discussed":[250],"some":[251,262],"technical":[254],"challenges":[255],"implementation":[258],"well":[260],"outstanding":[265],"problems.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
