{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2621580582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/2xzw","title":"Improving Legal Information Retrieval by Distributional Composition with Term Order Probabilities","display_name":"Improving Legal Information Retrieval by Distributional Composition with Term Order Probabilities","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2621580582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29007/2xzw","mag":"2621580582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/2xzw","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/2xzw","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/7Pv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/7Pv","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038571817","display_name":"Danilo S. Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8124-9224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177738480","display_name":"Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frj4r98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danilo S. Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018668377","display_name":"Vu Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177738480","display_name":"Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frj4r98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vu Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039110725","display_name":"Van-Khanh Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-2596"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanh Van Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019211858","display_name":"Le-Nguyen Minh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Le Minh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038571817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8461,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79514586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7642817497253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.667701005935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6579289436340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5913662910461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5584459900856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5469108819961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term-discrimination","display_name":"Term Discrimination","score":0.5429401993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5318400859832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textual-entailment","display_name":"Textual entailment","score":0.5142719149589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.47195568680763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45417118072509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.45113760232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.4195917546749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37185990810394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35408490896224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.3080432713031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.12264731526374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-search","display_name":"Concept search","score":0.10901123285293579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7642817497253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.667701005935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6579289436340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5913662910461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5584459900856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5469108819961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22639730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7702546","display_name":"Term Discrimination","level":5,"score":0.5429401993751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5318400859832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95318506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6588467","display_name":"Textual entailment","level":3,"score":0.5142719149589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.47195568680763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45417118072509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45113760232925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.4195917546749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37185990810394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35408490896224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.3080432713031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.12264731526374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182861755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158391","display_name":"Concept search","level":4,"score":0.10901123285293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29007/2xzw","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/2xzw","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/7Pv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1706.01038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.01038","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.01038","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2621580582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.01038.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20756368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Improving_Legal_Information_Retrieval_by_Distributional_Composition_with_Term_Order_Probabilities/20756368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.01038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.01038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29007/2xzw","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29007/2xzw","pdf_url":"https://easychair.org/publications/open/7Pv","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651395","display_name":"EPiC series in computing","issn_l":"2398-7340","issn":["2398-7340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPiC Series in Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G265271354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP15K12094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2792802287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAKENHI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","funder_display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G546229516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15K16048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G550595520","display_name":"\u6c5f\u6238\u6750\u6728\u5546\u53f2\u306e\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"12094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5786340949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAKENHI Grant Number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6718509927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8291433426","display_name":"Study on a structural paraphrase model for improving the readability of texts","funder_award_id":"15K12094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G902733548","display_name":"\u308d\u3046\u5150\u7ae5\u306b\u5fc3\u60c5\u306e\u4f34\u3064\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3070\u3084\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u529b\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8aad\u66f8\u6559\u6750\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u3068, \u305d\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u6cd5\u306e\u5de5\u592b","funder_award_id":"16048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2621580582.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2621580582.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025381157","https://openalex.org/W2055981215","https://openalex.org/W2063112000","https://openalex.org/W2093229280","https://openalex.org/W2121764873","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2142920810","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2270593706","https://openalex.org/W2515056451","https://openalex.org/W2903093542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964241209","https://openalex.org/W413205847","https://openalex.org/W3204579446","https://openalex.org/W2006764947","https://openalex.org/W2152733491","https://openalex.org/W2086205329","https://openalex.org/W2129353607","https://openalex.org/W1594622829","https://openalex.org/W2598167843","https://openalex.org/W1582278820","https://openalex.org/W1484051695","https://openalex.org/W28130898","https://openalex.org/W3123004601","https://openalex.org/W2099266033","https://openalex.org/W2187999897","https://openalex.org/W2404741839","https://openalex.org/W1515925526","https://openalex.org/W2162607782","https://openalex.org/W2991029350","https://openalex.org/W2071808143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Legal":[0,27,63,81],"professionals":[1],"worldwide":[2],"are":[3,110],"currently":[4],"trying":[5],"to":[6,123],"get":[7],"up-to-pace":[8],"with":[9,89],"the":[10,49,76,90,97,104,142,160],"explosive":[11],"growth":[12],"in":[13,39,75,137],"legal":[14],"document":[15],"availability":[16],"through":[17,100],"digital":[18],"means.":[19],"This":[20],"drives":[21],"a":[22,42,59,119,127,156],"need":[23],"for":[24,62,112,126,155],"high":[25],"efficiency":[26],"Information":[28,64,82],"Retrieval":[29,65],"(IR)":[30],"and":[31,71,114,131,150],"Question":[32],"Answering":[33],"(QA)":[34],"methods.":[35],"The":[36,85],"IR":[37],"task":[38],"particular":[40],"has":[41],"set":[43],"of":[44,51,78,92,148,159],"unique":[45],"challenges":[46],"that":[47],"invite":[48],"use":[50,91],"semantic":[52],"motivated":[53],"NLP":[54],"techniques.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"work,":[58],"two-stage":[60],"method":[61],"is":[66,87,106,116,121,153],"proposed,":[67],"combining":[68],"lexical":[69],"statistics":[70],"distributional":[72],"sentence":[73],"representations":[74],"context":[77],"Competition":[79,130],"on":[80],"Extraction/Entailment":[83],"(COLIEE).":[84],"combination":[86],"done":[88,117],"disambiguation":[93,115],"rules,":[94],"applied":[95],"over":[96],"rankings":[98],"obtained":[99],"n-gram":[101],"statistics.":[102],"After":[103],"ranking":[105],"done,":[107],"its":[108],"results":[109,133],"evaluated":[111],"ambiguity,":[113],"if":[118],"result":[120],"decided":[122],"be":[124],"unreliable":[125],"given":[128],"query.":[129],"experimental":[132],"indicate":[134],"small":[135],"gains":[136],"overall":[138],"retrieval":[139],"performance":[140],"using":[141],"proposed":[143],"approach.":[144],"Additionally,":[145],"an":[146],"analysis":[147],"error":[149],"improvement":[151],"cases":[152],"presented":[154],"better":[157],"understanding":[158],"contributions.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}