{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133553932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/5713","title":"Design and Usability Evaluation of a Portable VR Serious Game for Adolescent Social Anxiety","display_name":"Design and Usability Evaluation of a Portable VR Serious Game for Adolescent Social Anxiety","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133553932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/5713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/5713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/5713","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol25/JITE-IIPv25Art08Pattiasina12579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739242002","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Innovations in Practice","issn_l":"2165-3151","issn":["2165-3151","2165-316X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol25/JITE-IIPv25Art08Pattiasina12579.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052757481","display_name":"Timothy John Pattiasina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111230","display_name":"Institut Informatika Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3zxa49","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J Pattiasina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang; Institut Informatika Indonesia Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-9441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang; Institut Informatika Indonesia Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293","https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128051288","display_name":"Harits Ar Rosyid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harits Ar Rosyid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115721107","display_name":"Anik Nur Handayani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anik Nur Handayani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079823113","display_name":"Hartarto Junaedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131207","display_name":"Institut Sains dan Teknologi Terpadu Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbkky50","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131207"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hartarto Junaedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Sains dan Teknologi Terpadu Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Sains dan Teknologi Terpadu Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063593012","display_name":"Edwin Meinardi Trianto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7872-9976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111230","display_name":"Institut Informatika Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3zxa49","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Meinardi Trianto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Informatika  Indonesia Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Informatika  Indonesia Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026888619","display_name":"Raymond Sutjiadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-6547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Sutjiadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Negeri Malang"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-6547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Negeri Malang","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128120818","display_name":"I Gede Wiarta Sena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111230","display_name":"Institut Informatika Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3zxa49","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Gede Wiarta Sena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Informatika  Indonesia Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Informatika  Indonesia Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128046563","display_name":"David S.O. Soedargo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111230","display_name":"Institut Informatika Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3zxa49","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S.O. Soedargo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Informatika  Indonesia Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Informatika  Indonesia Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.1733,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99625025,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"08","last_page":"08"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.5332000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.5332000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.23770000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12372","display_name":"Art Therapy and Mental Health","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8751999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"Mental health","score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-usability-scale","display_name":"System usability scale","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-anxiety","display_name":"Social anxiety","score":0.40220001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8751999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5719000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139225968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146354","display_name":"System usability scale","level":4,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777545354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3557657","display_name":"Social anxiety","level":3,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3255780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616517","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020701032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Computer game","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161772715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136996","display_name":"User-centered design","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100302975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642623","display_name":"Usability engineering","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28945/5713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/5713","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol25/JITE-IIPv25Art08Pattiasina12579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739242002","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Innovations in Practice","issn_l":"2165-3151","issn":["2165-3151","2165-316X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/5713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/5713","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol25/JITE-IIPv25Art08Pattiasina12579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739242002","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Innovations in Practice","issn_l":"2165-3151","issn":["2165-3151","2165-316X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329008","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7133553932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7133553932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim/Purpose:":[0],"This":[1,197],"study":[2,198,227],"aims":[3],"to":[4,28,46,108,185,189,231,322,353,387,390,414],"design":[5,194,295,423],"and":[6,10,58,70,86,93,103,127,151,192,202,224,235,246,286,300,357,418,436],"evaluate":[7,354],"the":[8,156,175,226,282,371,382,445],"usability":[9,172,245],"user":[11,149,222,252,420],"experience":[12,150,253],"of":[13,56,205,244,266,278,373,384,447],"a":[14,98,122,200,206,374],"portable":[15,207,315],"Virtual":[16,71],"Reality-based":[17],"Serious":[18],"Game":[19,124],"(VRSG)":[20],"informed":[21,211],"by":[22,212,409],"Cognitive":[23],"Behavioral":[24],"Therapy":[25,74],"(CBT)":[26],"principles":[27,214],"support":[29,232,323,393],"exposure-oriented":[30,324],"practice":[31],"for":[32,100,215,264,288,308,341,394,444],"adolescents":[33,162,271],"with":[34,41,61,165,260,270,432],"Social":[35],"Anxiety":[36],"Disorder":[37],"(SAD).":[38],"Background:":[39],"Adolescents":[40],"SAD":[42,166],"often":[43],"face":[44],"barriers":[45],"accessing":[47],"conventional":[48],"mental":[49,67,142,391,455],"health":[50,68,143,311,392,456],"services,":[51],"including":[52],"stigma,":[53],"limited":[54,88],"availability":[55],"therapists,":[57],"low":[59],"engagement":[60,299],"traditional":[62],"treatment":[63],"formats.":[64],"While":[65],"digital":[66],"interventions":[69],"Reality":[72],"Exposure":[73],"(VRET)":[75],"have":[76],"shown":[77],"promise,":[78],"many":[79],"existing":[80],"systems":[81],"rely":[82],"on":[83,129,367,406],"non-portable":[84],"hardware":[85],"provide":[87],"integration":[89],"between":[90],"therapeutic":[91,153,355],"structure":[92],"engagement-oriented":[94],"design.":[95],"There":[96],"remains":[97],"need":[99],"accessible,":[101],"portable,":[102,375],"user-centered":[104],"VR":[105,113,131,208,316],"solutions":[106],"tailored":[107],"adolescent":[109,216,454],"users.":[110],"Methodology:":[111],"A":[112],"serious":[114,209,317,450],"game":[115,210],"prototype,":[116],"named":[117],"SAVIRE,":[118],"was":[119,136,182],"developed":[120],"using":[121,155,174],"Rapid":[123],"Development":[125],"approach":[126],"deployed":[128],"untethered":[130],"hardware.":[132],"An":[133],"early-stage":[134],"evaluation":[135,204],"conducted":[137],"in":[138,171,327,397,426,452],"two":[139],"phases.":[140],"First,":[141],"professionals":[144],"(n":[145,167],"=":[146,168,258],"3)":[147],"assessed":[148],"perceived":[152],"alignment":[154],"User":[157],"Experience":[158],"Questionnaire":[159],"(UEQ).":[160],"Second,":[161],"clinically":[163],"diagnosed":[164],"20)":[169],"participated":[170],"testing":[173,269],"System":[176],"Usability":[177,268],"Scale":[178],"(SUS).":[179],"Qualitative":[180,291],"feedback":[181],"also":[183,441],"collected":[184],"explore":[186,358],"perceptions":[187],"related":[188],"engagement,":[190],"comfort,":[191],"system":[193,283,360],"features.":[195],"Contribution:":[196],"contributes":[199],"design-focused":[201],"usability-oriented":[203],"CBT":[213],"social":[217,305,433],"anxiety.":[218],"By":[219,369],"foregrounding":[220],"usability,":[221],"experience,":[223],"feasibility,":[225],"provides":[228],"foundational":[229],"evidence":[230],"further":[233,293],"development":[234,446],"future":[236],"efficacy-oriented":[237],"research.":[238],"Findings:":[239],"Results":[240],"indicate":[241],"high":[242],"levels":[243],"acceptance.":[247],"Expert":[248],"reviewers":[249],"reported":[250],"positive":[251],"ratings":[254],"(overall":[255],"UEQ":[256],"mean":[257,275],"2.75),":[259],"particularly":[261,326],"strong":[262],"scores":[263],"ease":[265],"understanding.":[267],"yielded":[272],"an":[273],"excellent":[274],"SUS":[276],"score":[277],"80.38,":[279],"suggesting":[280],"that":[281,297,362],"is":[284],"user-friendly":[285],"appropriate":[287,337],"repeated":[289],"use.":[290],"findings":[292],"highlighted":[294],"features":[296,361],"supported":[298],"emotional":[301],"comfort":[302],"during":[303],"simulated":[304],"exposure.":[306],"Recommendations":[307],"Practitioners:":[309],"Mental":[310],"practitioners":[312],"may":[313,404,440],"consider":[314],"games":[318,451],"as":[319],"supplementary":[320],"tools":[321],"activities,":[325],"non-clinical":[328],"or":[329],"resource-limited":[330],"settings,":[331],"provided":[332],"they":[333],"are":[334],"integrated":[335],"into":[336],"clinical":[338,351,416],"frameworks.":[339],"Recommendation":[340],"Researchers:":[342],"Future":[343,400,402],"research":[344,380],"should":[345],"extend":[346],"this":[347,379,407,427],"work":[348,408],"through":[349],"controlled":[350],"studies":[352,403],"outcomes":[356,417],"adaptive":[359],"personalize":[363],"exposure":[364,431],"scenarios.":[365],"Impact":[366],"Society:":[368],"demonstrating":[370],"feasibility":[372],"engaging":[376],"VR-based":[377,449],"system,":[378],"highlights":[381],"potential":[383],"immersive":[385],"technologies":[386],"expand":[388],"access":[389],"adolescents,":[395],"especially":[396],"underserved":[398],"contexts.":[399,457],"Research:":[401],"build":[405],"conducting":[410],"larger-scale,":[411],"longitudinal":[412],"investigations":[413],"examine":[415],"sustain":[419],"engagement.":[421],"The":[422],"framework":[424],"applied":[425],"study,":[428],"integrating":[429],"CBT-informed":[430],"learning":[434],"theory":[435],"Bloom\u2019s":[437],"revised":[438],"taxonomy,":[439],"be":[442],"adapted":[443],"similar":[448],"other":[453]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-05T00:00:00"}