{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009132578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4509","title":"If You Can Program, You Can Write: Learning Introductory Programming Across Literacy Levels","display_name":"If You Can Program, You Can Write: Learning Introductory Programming Across Literacy Levels","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009132578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4509","mag":"3009132578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/4509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4509","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol19/JITE-Rv19p065-085Hassenfeld5935.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol19/JITE-Rv19p065-085Hassenfeld5935.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028095713","display_name":"Ziva R. Hassenfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziva R Hassenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University","Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","Marina Umaschi Bers Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marina Umaschi Bers Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057299472","display_name":"Madhu Govind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhu Govind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University","Marina Umaschi Bers Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marina Umaschi Bers Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044155968","display_name":"Laura de Ruiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-4073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura E De Ruiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University","Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","Marina Umaschi Bers Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marina Umaschi Bers Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109255082","display_name":"Marina Umashi Bers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Umashi Bers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028095713"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8698,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95965709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"065","last_page":"085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9157999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.6936537027359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6852360963821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.6511616706848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5693516135215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5564784407615662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.41378363966941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34081101417541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.31705325841903687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6936537027359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6852360963821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.6511616706848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5693516135215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5564784407615662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.41378363966941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34081101417541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.31705325841903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28945/4509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4509","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol19/JITE-Rv19p065-085Hassenfeld5935.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/4509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4509","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol19/JITE-Rv19p065-085Hassenfeld5935.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009132578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009132578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160375047","https://openalex.org/W169158454","https://openalex.org/W1480083571","https://openalex.org/W1480536646","https://openalex.org/W1482498656","https://openalex.org/W1521788137","https://openalex.org/W1569132324","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1919982252","https://openalex.org/W1964502608","https://openalex.org/W1998181691","https://openalex.org/W2030741913","https://openalex.org/W2050275790","https://openalex.org/W2054190215","https://openalex.org/W2065364955","https://openalex.org/W2114878393","https://openalex.org/W2126874086","https://openalex.org/W2146567769","https://openalex.org/W2153000380","https://openalex.org/W2170660620","https://openalex.org/W2520565678","https://openalex.org/W2522521125","https://openalex.org/W2533540913","https://openalex.org/W2540813629","https://openalex.org/W2556112626","https://openalex.org/W2582042082","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2617400317","https://openalex.org/W2624651098","https://openalex.org/W2734562676","https://openalex.org/W2898166493","https://openalex.org/W2912939337","https://openalex.org/W2947069982","https://openalex.org/W2955453212","https://openalex.org/W2972608766","https://openalex.org/W3004444870","https://openalex.org/W4205608686","https://openalex.org/W4211119453","https://openalex.org/W4214759393","https://openalex.org/W4231197717","https://openalex.org/W4234002972","https://openalex.org/W4245244407","https://openalex.org/W4249927504","https://openalex.org/W4300126633","https://openalex.org/W4399650694","https://openalex.org/W6606881667","https://openalex.org/W6641275457","https://openalex.org/W6649352729","https://openalex.org/W6672432108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2348562106","https://openalex.org/W2370820329","https://openalex.org/W2370554813","https://openalex.org/W4362576712","https://openalex.org/W2387560707","https://openalex.org/W2363525455","https://openalex.org/W4312355418","https://openalex.org/W2082438799","https://openalex.org/W2314810092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim/Purpose:":[0],"This":[1,49,112],"paper":[2],"presents":[3],"findings":[4,144],"on":[5,254],"a":[6,56,139,152,202,232,260],"curricular":[7,50,174,289],"intervention":[8,51,290],"aimed":[9],"at":[10,122,125],"integrating":[11,198],"computer":[12,83,199,250,257],"programming":[13,46,101,134,168,175,200,237,251,258,269,277,302,324,358],"with":[14,95,291],"reading":[15],"and":[16,37,98,166,192,236,248,272,298,343,349],"writing":[17],"in":[18,42,55,60,85,130,210,270,279,312],"early":[19,86,212],"elementary":[20,67,87],"school.":[21],"The":[22,143,177],"purpose":[23],"of":[24,40,79,117,205,234,323,335],"this":[25,288,332],"research":[26,228,337],"was":[27,53,148],"to":[28,81,120,239,241,326,352],"explore":[29],"the":[30,64,76,115,163,173,206,211,215,243,280,294,304,320,354],"relation":[31],"between":[32,156,190,245],"students\u2019":[33,157,313,328],"varying":[34,126],"literacy":[35,90,127,140,158,191,207,235,247,314,329,345],"levels":[36,128],"their":[38,167],"level":[39],"success":[41],"mastering":[43,131],"an":[44,72,132],"introductory":[45,133],"language.":[47],"Methodology:":[48],"study":[52,113],"implemented":[54],"single":[57],"school":[58],"district":[59],"southeastern":[61],"Virginia.":[62],"Of":[63],"district\u2019s":[65,295],"33":[66],"schools,":[68],"eight":[69],"schools":[70,271],"received":[71],"external":[73],"grant":[74],"from":[75,104],"U.S.":[77],"Department":[78],"Defense":[80],"introduce":[82],"science":[84],"education.":[88],"Standardized":[89],"test":[91],"scores":[92,103],"were":[93],"correlated":[94],"internally":[96,350],"developed,":[97,351],"age":[99],"appropriate":[100],"assessment":[102],"N":[105],"=":[106],"132":[107],"second":[108],"grade":[109,297],"students.":[110],"Contribution:":[111],"is":[114,229],"first":[116,296],"its":[118],"kind":[119],"look":[121],"how":[123,266,273],"students":[124,274],"succeed":[129],"language":[135,261],"when":[136],"introduced":[137],"through":[138,303],"lens.":[141],"Findings:":[142],"indicated":[145],"that":[146,181,188,357],"there":[147,182],"strong":[149],"evidence":[150],"for":[151,195,225,265],"weak,":[153],"positive":[154,178,321],"correlation":[155,179],"levels,":[159],"as":[160,170,201,259,306],"determined":[161,171],"by":[162,172],"PALS":[164],"assessment,":[165],"mastery,":[169],"assessments.":[176],"suggests":[180],"may":[183],"indeed":[184],"be":[185],"underlying":[186],"constructs":[187],"overlap":[189],"programming.":[193],"Recommendations":[194],"Practitioners:":[196],"Consider":[197],"foundational":[203],"component":[204],"curriculum,":[208],"especially":[209],"grades,":[213],"where":[214],"two":[216],"skill":[217],"sets":[218],"can":[219],"mutually":[220],"support":[221],"one":[222],"another.":[223],"Recommendation":[224],"Researchers:":[226],"Additional":[227],"necessary,":[230],"using":[231],"variety":[233],"measures,":[238],"continue":[240],"understand":[242],"relationship":[244],"emerging":[246,249],"skills.":[252],"Impact":[253],"Society:":[255],"Reimagining":[256],"has":[262],"significant":[263],"implications":[264],"we":[267,316,339],"teach":[268],"then":[275],"use":[276],"out":[278],"workforce.":[281],"Future":[282,284],"Research:":[283],"work":[285],"will":[286,318,340],"repeat":[287],"younger":[292],"students:":[293],"kindergarten":[299],"classrooms.":[300],"Introducing":[301],"Coding":[305],"Literacy":[307],"(CAL)":[308],"approach":[309],"even":[310],"earlier":[311],"trajectories,":[315],"believe,":[317],"allow":[319],"impact":[322],"knowledge":[325,359],"influence":[327],"development.":[330],"In":[331],"next":[333],"phase":[334],"our":[336],"agenda,":[338],"collect":[341],"pre":[342],"post":[344],"scores,":[346],"both":[347],"standardized":[348],"see":[353],"myriad":[355],"ways":[356],"impacts":[360],"literacy.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}