{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766831129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3596","title":"Barriers to Technology use in Large and Small School Districts","display_name":"Barriers to Technology use in Large and Small School Districts","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766831129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3596","mag":"2766831129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/3596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3596","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol15/JITEv15ResearchP577-591Francom2800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol15/JITEv15ResearchP577-591Francom2800.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090323532","display_name":"Gregory M. Francom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21700936","display_name":"Northern State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kwgrb31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21700936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory M Francom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern State University","Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21700936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21700936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090323532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21700936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3717,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95926542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"577","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-integration","display_name":"Technology integration","score":0.7728484272956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.5208995342254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.4813971519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.43859779834747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.42076507210731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39706411957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3268203139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.3226006031036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.27910587191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26583823561668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.21567675471305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.21002641320228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14959955215454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.1269991397857666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692612","display_name":"Technology integration","level":3,"score":0.7728484272956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5208995342254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4813971519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43859779834747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.42076507210731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39706411957740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3268203139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3226006031036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27910587191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26583823561668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21567675471305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.21002641320228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14959955215454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1269991397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28945/3596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3596","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol15/JITEv15ResearchP577-591Francom2800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/3596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/3596","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol15/JITEv15ResearchP577-591Francom2800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2766831129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2766831129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37179764","https://openalex.org/W97530344","https://openalex.org/W185999557","https://openalex.org/W1228471600","https://openalex.org/W1514138309","https://openalex.org/W1522586529","https://openalex.org/W1549602395","https://openalex.org/W1966370548","https://openalex.org/W1968529788","https://openalex.org/W1972333804","https://openalex.org/W2004950695","https://openalex.org/W2023812768","https://openalex.org/W2071928808","https://openalex.org/W2095970163","https://openalex.org/W2102397395","https://openalex.org/W2104647037","https://openalex.org/W2113163788","https://openalex.org/W2115966279","https://openalex.org/W2118094440","https://openalex.org/W2122793059","https://openalex.org/W2129845462","https://openalex.org/W2142899474","https://openalex.org/W2149868499","https://openalex.org/W2159433048","https://openalex.org/W2163552746","https://openalex.org/W2290252849","https://openalex.org/W2900509361","https://openalex.org/W2978559547","https://openalex.org/W6675916585","https://openalex.org/W6768629706","https://openalex.org/W7033504788","https://openalex.org/W7074733013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788227653","https://openalex.org/W2528942529","https://openalex.org/W2129331265","https://openalex.org/W2606755105","https://openalex.org/W842806313","https://openalex.org/W2002501632","https://openalex.org/W2109011484","https://openalex.org/W4303629149","https://openalex.org/W2156088374","https://openalex.org/W2742164968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Barriers":[0],"to":[1,12,24,48,52,61,73,84,115,148],"effective":[2],"technology":[3,13,17,29,39,53,85,116,128,153],"integration":[4],"come":[5],"in":[6,55,63,97,107,132,140],"several":[7],"different":[8],"categories,":[9],"including":[10],"access":[11,114],"tools":[14,40,117],"and":[15,19,26,31,36,41,59,67,77,110,118,120,135,143,150],"resources,":[16],"training":[18],"support,":[20,22],"administrative":[21,122],"time":[23,147],"plan":[25,149],"prepare":[27,151],"for":[28,89,124,152],"integration,":[30],"beliefs":[32],"about":[33],"the":[34,125],"importance":[35],"usefulness":[37],"of":[38,127],"resources.":[42],"This":[43,69],"study":[44,70,91],"used":[45],"survey":[46],"research":[47],"compare":[49],"reported":[50,112,145],"barriers":[51,83],"use":[54,126],"smaller":[56,108],"school":[57,65],"districts":[58,66,109,134,142],"communities":[60,111,144],"those":[62],"larger":[64,133,141],"communities.":[68,136],"also":[71],"sought":[72],"determine":[74],"other":[75],"district":[76],"classroom":[78],"factors":[79],"that":[80,105],"could":[81],"influence":[82],"integration.":[86,154],"The":[87],"population":[88],"this":[90],"was":[92],"current":[93],"public":[94],"K-12":[95],"teachers":[96,106,131,139],"a":[98],"rural":[99],"North":[100],"Midwestern":[101],"state.":[102],"Findings":[103],"indicated":[104],"more":[113],"resources":[119],"higher":[121,146],"support":[123],"than":[129],"did":[130],"By":[137],"contrast,":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}