{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2201133150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/2126","title":"Examining Factors Predicting Students\u2019 Digital Competence","display_name":"Examining Factors Predicting Students\u2019 Digital Competence","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2201133150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.28945/2126","mag":"2201133150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/2126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/2126","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEV14ResearchP123-137Hatlevik0873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEV14ResearchP123-137Hatlevik0873.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085296171","display_name":"Ove Edvard Hatlevik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-1738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107808","display_name":"NORCE Research AS","ror":"https://ror.org/02gagpf75","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ove Edvard Hatlevik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education","Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086183020","display_name":"Gr\u00e9ta Bj\u00f6rk Gu\u00f0mundsd\u00f3ttir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107808","display_name":"NORCE Research AS","ror":"https://ror.org/02gagpf75","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gr\u00e9ta Bj\u00f6rk Gu\u00f0mundsd\u00f3ttir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education","Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059236384","display_name":"Massimo Loi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107808","display_name":"NORCE Research AS","ror":"https://ror.org/02gagpf75","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Loi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education","Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Centre for ICT in Education, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085296171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97854604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9552000164985657,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norwegian","display_name":"Norwegian","score":0.6850505471229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.673247218132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5804946422576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5028321146965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ninth","display_name":"Ninth","score":0.45456981658935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.41674378514289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2464304268360138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1760270595550537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63428231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9043","display_name":"Norwegian","level":2,"score":0.6850505471229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.673247218132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5804946422576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5028321146965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776244770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253590","display_name":"Ninth","level":2,"score":0.45456981658935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.41674378514289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2464304268360138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1760270595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.28945/2126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/2126","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEV14ResearchP123-137Hatlevik0873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.28945/2126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.28945/2126","pdf_url":"http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEV14ResearchP123-137Hatlevik0873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11358226","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education Research","issn_l":"1539-3585","issn":["1539-3585","1547-9706","1547-9714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315806","host_organization_name":"Informing Science Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315806"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informing Science Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2201133150.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2201133150.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151136581","https://openalex.org/W574449002","https://openalex.org/W627704112","https://openalex.org/W635475784","https://openalex.org/W1496437928","https://openalex.org/W1525639677","https://openalex.org/W1541634262","https://openalex.org/W1604682389","https://openalex.org/W1665332082","https://openalex.org/W1815596065","https://openalex.org/W1968853360","https://openalex.org/W1979662947","https://openalex.org/W2013811491","https://openalex.org/W2031236081","https://openalex.org/W2053475323","https://openalex.org/W2056017245","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2082562650","https://openalex.org/W2090550551","https://openalex.org/W2093931842","https://openalex.org/W2097710452","https://openalex.org/W2102542919","https://openalex.org/W2110016748","https://openalex.org/W2111091342","https://openalex.org/W2127296253","https://openalex.org/W2127346138","https://openalex.org/W2138495267","https://openalex.org/W2144283809","https://openalex.org/W2162510130","https://openalex.org/W2186348016","https://openalex.org/W2259596610","https://openalex.org/W2290345546","https://openalex.org/W2319663749","https://openalex.org/W2339459734","https://openalex.org/W2494344935","https://openalex.org/W2515268411","https://openalex.org/W2523100745","https://openalex.org/W2730880253","https://openalex.org/W2758195822","https://openalex.org/W2804492337","https://openalex.org/W3183381589","https://openalex.org/W4232487912","https://openalex.org/W4233718138","https://openalex.org/W4241299849","https://openalex.org/W4246793810","https://openalex.org/W6620334384","https://openalex.org/W6629567011","https://openalex.org/W6638510884","https://openalex.org/W6658627020","https://openalex.org/W6671291368","https://openalex.org/W6723429895","https://openalex.org/W6798594614","https://openalex.org/W6983587124","https://openalex.org/W7048130239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272923897","https://openalex.org/W2064012432","https://openalex.org/W1992195103","https://openalex.org/W4249207828","https://openalex.org/W3173557906","https://openalex.org/W2902027532","https://openalex.org/W3120909407","https://openalex.org/W2785992506","https://openalex.org/W2900566922","https://openalex.org/W2157241338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,115],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,59,101,158,172,208],"this":[3,193],"study":[4,151,194],"was":[5,95],"to":[6,17,25,46,97,199,211,221,223],"examine":[7],"factors":[8],"predicting":[9],"lower":[10,37,162],"secondary":[11,38,163],"school":[12,39,184],"students\u2019":[13,54,129,206],"digital":[14,26,31,55,78,113,120,148,159,173],"competence":[15,32,79,121,174,209],"and":[16,34,50,81,89,112,136,143,183,210,214],"explore":[18],"differences":[19],"between":[20,105,161],"students":[21,63,72,147,177],"when":[22],"it":[23,196],"comes":[24],"competence.":[27,56,114,149],"Results":[28],"from":[29,64],"a":[30,74,82,99],"test":[33,80,98],"survey":[35],"in":[36,68,119],"will":[40],"be":[41],"presented.":[42],"It":[43,165],"is":[44,156,197],"important":[45,189],"learn":[47],"more":[48],"about":[49,85],"investigate":[51,201],"what":[52],"characterizes":[53],"A":[57],"sample":[58],"852":[60],"ninth-grade":[61],"Norwegian":[62],"38":[65],"schools":[66,203,218],"participated":[67],"the":[69,102,123,170,176,187],"study.":[70],"answered":[73],"26":[75],"item":[76],"multiple-choice":[77],"self-report":[83],"questionnaire":[84],"family":[86,106,181],"background,":[87,107],"motivation,":[88],"previous":[90,110],"grades.":[91],"Structural":[92],"equation":[93],"modeling":[94],"used":[96],"model":[100],"hypothesised":[103],"relationship":[104],"mastery":[108,141],"orientation,":[109],"achievements,":[111],"results":[116],"indicate":[117],"variation":[118],"among":[122,175],"ninth-graders.":[124],"Further,":[125],"analyses":[126],"showed":[127],"that":[128,153,154],"conditions":[130],"at":[131],"home,":[132],"i.e.,":[133],"language":[134],"integration":[135],"cultural":[137],"capital,":[138],"together":[139],"with":[140],"orientation":[142],"academic":[144],"achievements":[145],"predict":[146],"This":[150],"indicates":[152],"there":[155],"evidence":[157],"diversity":[160],"students.":[164],"does":[166],"not":[167],"seem":[168],"like":[169],"development":[171],"happens":[178],"automatically.":[179],"Students\u2019":[180],"background":[182],"performance":[185],"are":[186],"most":[188],"factors.":[190],"Therefore,":[191],"as":[192],"shows,":[195],"necessary":[198],"further":[200],"how":[202,217],"can":[204,219],"identify":[205],"level":[207],"develop":[212],"plans":[213],"actions":[215],"for":[216],"help":[220],"try":[222],"equalize":[224],"differences.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}