{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067509334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222300308","title":"Effects of Different Types of Free Trials and Ratings in Sampling of Consumer Software: An Empirical Study","display_name":"Effects of Different Types of Free Trials and Ratings in Sampling of Consumer Software: An Empirical Study","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067509334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222300308","mag":"2067509334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222300308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222300308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2609495_code894110.pdf?abstractid=2609495&mirid=2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673531","display_name":"Young\u2010Jin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-5371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Jin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["a University of Washington","University of Denver, Daniels College of Business, Business Information and Analytics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, Daniels College of Business, Business Information and Analytics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037984091","display_name":"Yong Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-3423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington","University of Washington - Michael G. Foster School of Business"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington - Michael G. Foster School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90989892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"213","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6619246006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6522465944290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5151094794273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.477438747882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4450042247772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.4401164948940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17373871803283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14539429545402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07291388511657715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6619246006011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6522465944290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5151094794273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.477438747882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4450042247772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.4401164948940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17373871803283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14539429545402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07291388511657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222300308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222300308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2067509334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2609495_code894110.pdf?abstractid=2609495&mirid=2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2067509334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2609495_code894110.pdf?abstractid=2609495&mirid=2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W621777219","https://openalex.org/W1554269503","https://openalex.org/W1554421993","https://openalex.org/W1568657496","https://openalex.org/W1578813520","https://openalex.org/W1965328051","https://openalex.org/W1967787992","https://openalex.org/W1970883168","https://openalex.org/W1973107123","https://openalex.org/W1977735025","https://openalex.org/W1980765510","https://openalex.org/W1984130730","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W2016945820","https://openalex.org/W2020951006","https://openalex.org/W2023587011","https://openalex.org/W2040284309","https://openalex.org/W2041254829","https://openalex.org/W2059769272","https://openalex.org/W2066014281","https://openalex.org/W2071372642","https://openalex.org/W2078579714","https://openalex.org/W2091087160","https://openalex.org/W2099376871","https://openalex.org/W2101288668","https://openalex.org/W2103270080","https://openalex.org/W2106805078","https://openalex.org/W2108908656","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2126977778","https://openalex.org/W2127937593","https://openalex.org/W2130090400","https://openalex.org/W2135189989","https://openalex.org/W2140950724","https://openalex.org/W2147664728","https://openalex.org/W2154777024","https://openalex.org/W2169955073","https://openalex.org/W2170356717","https://openalex.org/W2313161308","https://openalex.org/W2318293831","https://openalex.org/W2319558908","https://openalex.org/W2327865161","https://openalex.org/W2608496019","https://openalex.org/W3123091093","https://openalex.org/W3124620192","https://openalex.org/W4253543067","https://openalex.org/W4298172619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2206595405","https://openalex.org/W2157844032","https://openalex.org/W2111279626","https://openalex.org/W3167324058","https://openalex.org/W1970829491","https://openalex.org/W1966910066","https://openalex.org/W1984497613","https://openalex.org/W2001556888","https://openalex.org/W1515869312","https://openalex.org/W2955325128","https://openalex.org/W2410612136","https://openalex.org/W3026410712","https://openalex.org/W2034321226","https://openalex.org/W1919946866","https://openalex.org/W310577452","https://openalex.org/W766874510","https://openalex.org/W2130706307","https://openalex.org/W2884755858","https://openalex.org/W2914737898","https://openalex.org/W2573323998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Giving":[0],"away":[1],"trial":[2],"software":[3,9,28,47,62,77,101,106,118,128,188,220],"is":[4],"a":[5,49,64],"common":[6],"practice":[7,190],"for":[8],"developers":[10],"to":[11,18,22,154,157,175,184,211,227],"maximize":[12],"the":[13,24,57,88,93,96,110,126,135,185,192,213],"exposure":[14],"of":[15,34,41,45,60,95,99,112,137,187,194,198,201,215,218],"their":[16,176],"products":[17],"potential":[19,80,228],"consumers":[20],"and":[21,52,102,108,149,171,221],"minimize":[23],"consumers'":[25],"uncertainty":[26],"about":[27],"quality.":[29],"There":[30],"are":[31],"two":[32],"types":[33,98,200],"free":[35,202],"trials:":[36],"(1)":[37],"freeware,":[38],"which":[39,55],"consists":[40],"very":[42],"basic":[43],"features":[44],"focal":[46,61,219],"without":[48],"time":[50,65],"lock,":[51],"(2)":[53],"trialware,":[54],"has":[56],"full":[58],"functionality":[59],"with":[63,173],"lock.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,123],"study":[71,182],"what":[72],"factors":[73],"make":[74],"some":[75],"free-trial":[76,100,117,189,209],"attract":[78],"more":[79],"adopters":[81],"than":[82],"others.":[83],"Our":[84,204],"empirical":[85],"model":[86],"under":[87],"traditional":[89],"Bass-type":[90],"diffusion":[91],"examines":[92],"effects":[94],"different":[97,199],"ratings":[103,144,152],"on":[104,121,178],"consumer":[105,127,195,216],"sampling":[107,113,129,146,179,196],"reveals":[109],"dynamics":[111],"over":[114],"time.":[115],"Using":[116],"downloading":[119],"data":[120],"Download.com,":[122],"observe":[124],"that":[125,142,150],"process":[130],"can":[131,206],"be":[132,155,158],"described":[133],"by":[134],"theory":[136],"information":[138,226],"diffusion.":[139],"We":[140],"find":[141],"user":[143],"affect":[145],"performance":[147],"positively":[148],"third-party":[151],"need":[153],"positive":[156],"effective.":[159],"Finally,":[160],"our":[161],"results":[162],"do":[163],"not":[164],"show":[165],"any":[166],"discernible":[167],"differences":[168],"between":[169],"freeware":[170],"trialware":[172],"regard":[174],"impact":[177],"performance.":[180],"This":[181],"contributes":[183],"understanding":[186],"from":[191],"perspective":[193],"growth":[197],"trials.":[203],"findings":[205],"help":[207],"design":[208],"strategies":[210],"extrapolate":[212],"extent":[214],"awareness":[217],"effectively":[222],"convey":[223],"its":[224],"quality":[225],"customers.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
