{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984817091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222250207","title":"Does Competition Promote Trust and Trustworthiness in Online Trading? An Experimental Study","display_name":"Does Competition Promote Trust and Trustworthiness in Online Trading? An Experimental Study","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984817091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222250207","mag":"1984817091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222250207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222250207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045829255","display_name":"Gary E. Bolton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-9478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary Bolton","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  Penn State University","#N#Penn State University#N#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  Penn State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#Penn State University#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042679237","display_name":"Claudia Loebbecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-3864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102520234","display_name":"TH K\u00f6ln - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014nnvj65","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Loebbecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["b  University of Cologne","University of Cologne"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b  University of Cologne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762","https://openalex.org/I102520234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cologne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043467778","display_name":"Axel Ockenfels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-0191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335487337","display_name":"Cologne Institute for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01a2z2x66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335487337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Ockenfels","raw_affiliation_strings":["c  Cologne Laboratory of Economic Research, University of Cologne","Cologne Laboratory of Economic Research, University of Cologne"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c  Cologne Laboratory of Economic Research, University of Cologne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335487337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cologne Laboratory of Economic Research, University of Cologne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335487337","https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045829255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.6419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98658755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.8125698566436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.755233883857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5673304200172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5537612438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5147702693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.45136430859565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-hazard","display_name":"Moral hazard","score":0.44572436809539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.40899163484573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3626193404197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3217090666294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.24721404910087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.2084985375404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17146319150924683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.8125698566436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.755233883857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5673304200172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5537612438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5147702693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.45136430859565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44454","display_name":"Moral hazard","level":3,"score":0.44572436809539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.40899163484573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3626193404197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3217090666294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.24721404910087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2084985375404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17146319150924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222250207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222250207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.867.4682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.867.4682","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gary_Bolton/publication/222675051_Information_value_and_externalities_in_reputation_building/links/53eb9b020cf202d087cd262b.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5086244","https://openalex.org/W640508513","https://openalex.org/W1494918306","https://openalex.org/W1551250191","https://openalex.org/W1911471173","https://openalex.org/W1975569759","https://openalex.org/W1995363876","https://openalex.org/W1998698248","https://openalex.org/W2019141575","https://openalex.org/W2035934714","https://openalex.org/W2083100528","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2087014582","https://openalex.org/W2090513801","https://openalex.org/W2091020207","https://openalex.org/W2108752510","https://openalex.org/W2109183455","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2119362097","https://openalex.org/W2122555070","https://openalex.org/W2124289798","https://openalex.org/W2143846971","https://openalex.org/W2154555821","https://openalex.org/W2156109180","https://openalex.org/W2161078173","https://openalex.org/W2171410281","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3124261657","https://openalex.org/W3124686198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102271161","https://openalex.org/W4313425421","https://openalex.org/W2361883455","https://openalex.org/W2952832228","https://openalex.org/W2909324362","https://openalex.org/W2372868951","https://openalex.org/W4388714791","https://openalex.org/W570712888","https://openalex.org/W189760887","https://openalex.org/W24713225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,54,82,161],"investigate":[1],"whether":[2],"greater":[3],"market":[4,47,59,80,90,106,169],"competition":[5,60,85,151],"improves":[6,102],"or":[7],"inhibits":[8],"the":[9,23,30,56,62,65,69,74,132,139,142],"ability":[10],"of":[11,32,58,64,134,144],"feedback":[12,70,156],"systems":[13,157],"in":[14,29,86,141,158],"Internet":[15,159,168],"markets":[16],"to":[17,22,153],"deliver":[18],"trust":[19],"and":[20,61,72,79,94,105,167],"trustworthiness":[21],"marketplace.":[24],"Our":[25],"investigation":[26],"is":[27,97,137],"grounded":[28],"theory":[31],"signaling":[33],"from":[34,39],"information":[35,96],"economics.":[36],"Using":[37],"methods":[38],"experimental":[40],"economics,":[41],"we":[42],"create":[43],"a":[44,51,115,119,123],"laboratory":[45],"online":[46],"where":[48,89,114],"sellers":[49],"face":[50],"moral":[52],"hazard.":[53],"manipulate":[55],"level":[57],"nature":[63],"social":[66,145],"network":[67],"behind":[68],"system":[71],"study":[73],"affect":[75],"on":[76],"trust,":[77,103],"trustworthiness,":[78,104],"efficiency.":[81,107],"find":[83],"that":[84,111],"strangers":[87,127],"networks,":[88,113],"encounters":[91],"are":[92],"one-shot":[93],"reputation":[95],"communicated":[98],"through":[99],"outside":[100],"parties,":[101],"The":[108],"efficiency":[109],"advantage":[110],"partners":[112],"buyer":[116],"can":[117],"maintain":[118],"repeated":[120],"relationship":[121],"with":[122,131],"seller,":[124],"have":[125],"over":[126],"networks":[128],"largely":[129,147],"vanishes":[130],"introduction":[133],"competition.":[135],"This":[136],"because":[138],"difference":[140],"pattern":[143],"networking":[146],"disappears.":[148],"Overall,":[149],"encouraging":[150],"leads":[152],"more":[154],"effective":[155],"markets.":[160],"discuss":[162],"implications":[163],"for":[164],"trader":[165],"strategy":[166],"design.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}