{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2984472034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","title":"Entropy as a Proxy for Gap Complexity in Open Cloze Tests","display_name":"Entropy as a Proxy for Gap Complexity in Open Cloze Tests","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2984472034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","mag":"2984472034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings - Natural Language Processing in a Deep Learning World","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061827540","display_name":"Mariano Felice","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Felice","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALTA Institute Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALTA Institute Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013999263","display_name":"Paula Buttery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-0656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Buttery","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALTA Institute Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALTA Institute Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"323","last_page":"327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.6537296772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5840809941291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4876917600631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2615883946418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.062156468629837036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6537296772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5840809941291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4876917600631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2615883946418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.062156468629837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings - Natural Language Processing in a Deep Learning World","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_037","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings - Natural Language Processing in a Deep Learning World","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2984472034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2984472034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19376526","https://openalex.org/W164440181","https://openalex.org/W205076078","https://openalex.org/W1153238640","https://openalex.org/W1965158952","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2109609717","https://openalex.org/W2134800885","https://openalex.org/W2161325192","https://openalex.org/W2182810811","https://openalex.org/W2250556123","https://openalex.org/W2251601342","https://openalex.org/W2293720556","https://openalex.org/W2420011772","https://openalex.org/W2526171816","https://openalex.org/W2945802760","https://openalex.org/W2951048105","https://openalex.org/W2963789726","https://openalex.org/W2993383518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2130544840","https://openalex.org/W2390133987","https://openalex.org/W2096829463","https://openalex.org/W1593479910","https://openalex.org/W2367057661","https://openalex.org/W2379805967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,9],"pilot":[4],"study":[5,42],"of":[6,11,21,64,78],"entropy":[7,47,56],"as":[8],"measure":[10],"gap":[12,46,55],"complexity":[13],"in":[14,31],"open":[15],"cloze":[16,79],"tests":[17],"aimed":[18],"at":[19],"learners":[20],"English.":[22],"Entropy":[23],"is":[24,68],"used":[25,37],"to":[26,38,74],"quantify":[27],"the":[28,62,69,76],"information":[29],"content":[30],"each":[32],"gap,":[33],"which":[34],"can":[35,57],"be":[36],"estimate":[39],"complexity.":[40,60],"Our":[41],"shows":[43],"that":[44],"average":[45],"correlates":[48],"positively":[49],"with":[50],"proficiency":[51],"levels":[52],"while":[53],"individual":[54],"capture":[58],"contextual":[59],"To":[61],"best":[63],"our":[65],"knowledge,":[66],"this":[67],"first":[70],"unsupervised":[71],"information-theoretical":[72],"approach":[73],"evaluating":[75],"quality":[77],"tests.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}