{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414305975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","title":"Influences of Fiber Length on the Printability and Strength of Glass Fiber-Reinforced 3D-Printed Mortar","display_name":"Influences of Fiber Length on the Printability and Strength of Glass Fiber-Reinforced 3D-Printed Mortar","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414305975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26599/jic.2025.9180093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288327","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction","issn_l":"2958-2652","issn":["2958-2652","2958-3861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311901","host_organization_name":"Tsinghua University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tsinghua University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087549599","display_name":"L.G. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-5364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leo Gu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China,510006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China,510006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069367686","display_name":"Bo-Feng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3237-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150595","display_name":"Guangzhou Electronic Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rq35s79","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bofeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou KEO Information Technology Co., Ltd.,Guangzhou,China,510000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou KEO Information Technology Co., Ltd.,Guangzhou,China,510000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041978382","display_name":"Shi-Cong Kou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-9622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicong Kou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China,510006"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China,510006","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087549599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96159114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.8436999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-fiber","display_name":"Glass fiber","score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.6308000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrusion","display_name":"Extrusion","score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-recycling","display_name":"Glass recycling","score":0.4632999897003174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8665000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.8436999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7979000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177229083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5861","display_name":"Glass fiber","level":2,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.6308000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185903656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416361","display_name":"Glass recycling","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82558694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545619","display_name":"Aspect ratio (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776989763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401905","display_name":"Fineness","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C809718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459047","display_name":"Flexural modulus","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288327","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction","issn_l":"2958-2652","issn":["2958-2652","2958-3861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311901","host_organization_name":"Tsinghua University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tsinghua University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db033993710a4ee5ad2306793d1be239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db033993710a4ee5ad2306793d1be239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction, Vol 3, Iss 3, p 9180093 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/jic.2025.9180093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288327","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction","issn_l":"2958-2652","issn":["2958-2652","2958-3861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311901","host_organization_name":"Tsinghua University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tsinghua University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Construction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2252100223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515030088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4357548721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A03J0088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317327","funder_display_name":"Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Guangzhou City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8561924804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51608131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317327","display_name":"Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Guangzhou City","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W953788386","https://openalex.org/W2030488271","https://openalex.org/W2064207613","https://openalex.org/W2126537518","https://openalex.org/W2587206813","https://openalex.org/W2592344303","https://openalex.org/W2606387782","https://openalex.org/W2615049565","https://openalex.org/W2623796837","https://openalex.org/W2739703552","https://openalex.org/W2741421471","https://openalex.org/W2755208259","https://openalex.org/W2790927589","https://openalex.org/W2800427664","https://openalex.org/W2804150194","https://openalex.org/W2805429662","https://openalex.org/W2885108928","https://openalex.org/W2890192101","https://openalex.org/W2892283406","https://openalex.org/W2895360774","https://openalex.org/W2895565558","https://openalex.org/W2900608483","https://openalex.org/W2901027061","https://openalex.org/W2901338551","https://openalex.org/W2921520711","https://openalex.org/W2937474492","https://openalex.org/W2947719166","https://openalex.org/W2956089136","https://openalex.org/W2963754649","https://openalex.org/W2980815996","https://openalex.org/W2990427106","https://openalex.org/W3000751075","https://openalex.org/W3008107225","https://openalex.org/W3011091759","https://openalex.org/W3012049666","https://openalex.org/W3028236849","https://openalex.org/W3048743805","https://openalex.org/W3087442789","https://openalex.org/W3092985997","https://openalex.org/W3096806823","https://openalex.org/W3113215898","https://openalex.org/W3127107501","https://openalex.org/W3130820175","https://openalex.org/W3131948835","https://openalex.org/W3132579905","https://openalex.org/W3146570358","https://openalex.org/W3162400034","https://openalex.org/W3168750013","https://openalex.org/W3172846066","https://openalex.org/W3174510524","https://openalex.org/W3182960806","https://openalex.org/W3189099487","https://openalex.org/W3191862470","https://openalex.org/W3196158895","https://openalex.org/W3203497741","https://openalex.org/W3211164404","https://openalex.org/W3211329735","https://openalex.org/W3215934144","https://openalex.org/W3217752526","https://openalex.org/W4200461791","https://openalex.org/W4207021645","https://openalex.org/W4210417658","https://openalex.org/W4214899936","https://openalex.org/W4220804341","https://openalex.org/W4220907439","https://openalex.org/W4224273176","https://openalex.org/W4224950656","https://openalex.org/W4226189060","https://openalex.org/W4252775494","https://openalex.org/W4284689798","https://openalex.org/W4293761234","https://openalex.org/W4294489357","https://openalex.org/W4297387473","https://openalex.org/W4308793184","https://openalex.org/W4309632158","https://openalex.org/W4310018646","https://openalex.org/W4323362915","https://openalex.org/W4386006202","https://openalex.org/W4386491892","https://openalex.org/W4386601651","https://openalex.org/W4396622469","https://openalex.org/W4399138046","https://openalex.org/W4399164774","https://openalex.org/W4399785141","https://openalex.org/W4399807873","https://openalex.org/W4401495952","https://openalex.org/W4402226508","https://openalex.org/W4402396221","https://openalex.org/W4403362884","https://openalex.org/W4404136275","https://openalex.org/W4406307885"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"increase":[1,110],"the":[2,46,52,58,100,112,118,125,137,146,149,156,167,173,181,208],"printing":[3],"and":[4,40,77,89,106,122,151,158,169,180,203,211],"mechanical":[5,90],"performance":[6,59],"attributes":[7],"of":[8,36,48,54,60,140,145,148,194],"three-dimensional-printed":[9],"concrete":[10],"(3DPC),":[11],"fiber":[12,24,55,79,114],"addition":[13],"has":[14],"proven":[15],"to":[16,85,187],"be":[17,216],"a":[18,96,133,162],"highly":[19],"effective":[20],"method.":[21],"Among":[22],"various":[23],"types,":[25],"glass":[26,49,78,113,195],"fibers":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"explored":[30],"for":[31],"use":[32],"in":[33,99,111,136],"3DPC":[34,197],"because":[35],"their":[37,87],"favorable":[38],"properties":[39],"affordability.":[41],"However,":[42],"detailed":[43],"studies":[44],"on":[45,57,165],"impacts":[47],"fibers,":[50],"especially":[51],"impact":[53],"length":[56,115],"3DPC,":[61],"remain":[62],"limited.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"research,":[66],"3D-printed":[67],"mortar":[68],"(3DPM)":[69],"mixtures":[70],"with":[71,172],"varying":[72],"water-to-cement":[73],"(W/C)":[74],"ratios":[75],"(0.24\u20130.32)":[76],"lengths":[80],"(5.00\u201325.00":[81],"mm)":[82],"were":[83],"prepared":[84],"examine":[86],"printability":[88,105],"performance.":[91],"The":[92],"findings":[93],"revealed":[94,154],"that":[95,155,191],"suitable":[97],"reduction":[98],"W/C":[101,209],"ratio":[102,210],"positively":[103],"influences":[104],"strength.":[107],"Crucially,":[108],"an":[109],"notably":[116],"increased":[117],"extrudability,":[119],"dimensional":[120],"stability,":[121],"buildability,":[123],"increasing":[124,177],"flexural":[126,168,174],"strength":[127,139,175,183],"by":[128,178,185],"approximately":[129,141],"75.0%":[130],"but":[131],"causing":[132],"maximum":[134],"decrease":[135],"compressive":[138,170,182,201],"22.0%.":[142],"A":[143],"comparison":[144],"strengths":[147],"printed":[150],"casted":[152],"samples":[153],"extrusion":[157],"stacking":[159],"processes":[160],"had":[161],"profound":[163],"influence":[164],"both":[166],"strengths,":[171],"potentially":[176],"92.6%":[179],"decreasing":[184],"up":[186],"46.8%.":[188],"This":[189],"suggests":[190],"engineering":[192],"applications":[193],"fiber-reinforced":[196],"shall":[198],"consider":[199],"decreased":[200],"strength,":[202],"methods":[204],"such":[205],"as":[206],"reducing":[207],"using":[212],"strength-boosting":[213],"admixtures":[214],"may":[215],"applied.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
