{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410295023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","title":"Online Multi-Object Tracking Based on Record Confidence and Hierarchical Association for Cyber-Physical Social Intelligence","display_name":"Online Multi-Object Tracking Based on Record Confidence and Hierarchical Association for Cyber-Physical Social Intelligence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410295023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209060","display_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics","issn_l":"2096-0654","issn":["2096-0654","2097-406X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311901","host_organization_name":"Tsinghua University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tsinghua University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113978259","display_name":"Jieming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-2160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071522874","display_name":"Dezhen Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhen Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and technology, Hainan University,Haikou,China,570228"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and technology, Hainan University,Haikou,China,570228","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504081","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-4773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114833037","display_name":"Cong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-2657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,430074"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82534851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"851","last_page":"866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.7045000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.7045000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.699999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.659600019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.6693726181983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6336604356765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5747264623641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5275965332984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.45987504720687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41291388869285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.28484034538269043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6693726181983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6336604356765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5747264623641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5275965332984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.45987504720687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41291388869285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28484034538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209060","display_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics","issn_l":"2096-0654","issn":["2096-0654","2097-406X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311901","host_organization_name":"Tsinghua University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tsinghua University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a71b22cc101e4da28256d644d02d65f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a71b22cc101e4da28256d644d02d65f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 851-866 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26599/bdma.2025.9020024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209060","display_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics","issn_l":"2096-0654","issn":["2096-0654","2097-406X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311901","host_organization_name":"Tsinghua University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Tsinghua University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data Mining and Analytics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G214697123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2020934227","https://openalex.org/W2101544546","https://openalex.org/W2109579504","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2604679602","https://openalex.org/W2766984662","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W3035410385","https://openalex.org/W3035442500","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3086436251","https://openalex.org/W3094000868","https://openalex.org/W3095753995","https://openalex.org/W3096068180","https://openalex.org/W3113093028","https://openalex.org/W3116853420","https://openalex.org/W3119686997","https://openalex.org/W3149936330","https://openalex.org/W3164698655","https://openalex.org/W3165926952","https://openalex.org/W3176403636","https://openalex.org/W3207452968","https://openalex.org/W4214516362","https://openalex.org/W4286904999","https://openalex.org/W4308871936","https://openalex.org/W4310467366","https://openalex.org/W4312473433","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076204","https://openalex.org/W4386083103","https://openalex.org/W4390872615","https://openalex.org/W6681169598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W3019776739","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2791379413","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W4317242545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,177],"vital":[2],"technology":[3],"in":[4,97,235],"Cyber-Physical":[5],"Social":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"(CPSI),":[8],"Multi-Object-Tracking":[9],"(MOT)":[10],"can":[11],"support":[12],"comprehensive":[13,56,89],"perception":[14],"and":[15,21,34,79,85,93,115,159,168,202,207,214,217],"analysis":[16],"of":[17,29,58,61,75,87,91,142,155,184,231],"the":[18,55,59,62,76,83,88,98,140,152,156,161,169,182,195,210,229,236],"physical":[19,94],"environment":[20],"social":[22,35,92],"virtual":[23],"space,":[24],"promoting":[25],"an":[26,72,106,129],"in-depth":[27],"understanding":[28,74,90],"human":[30],"behavior,":[31],"object":[32,158],"movement,":[33],"interaction.":[36],"Most":[37],"MOT":[38],"methods":[39],"often":[40],"adopt":[41],"simple":[42],"interpolation":[43],"or":[44],"prediction":[45,138],"strategies":[46],"when":[47],"dealing":[48],"with":[49,128,194],"temporarily":[50,170],"lost":[51,171,185],"targets,":[52],"but":[53],"ignore":[54],"consideration":[57],"state":[60],"target":[63],"before":[64],"its":[65],"reappearance.":[66],"This":[67],"approach":[68],"may":[69],"lead":[70],"to":[71,150,175,187],"incomplete":[73],"target's":[77],"behavior":[78],"dynamics,":[80],"which":[81,119],"affects":[82],"accuracy":[84],"depth":[86],"space":[95],"interactions":[96],"real":[99],"world.":[100],"To":[101],"improve":[102],"it,":[103],"we":[104],"propose":[105],"online":[107],"multi-object":[108],"tracking":[109,162],"method":[110],"based":[111,180],"on":[112,181,209,219],"Record":[113],"Confidence":[114],"Hierarchical":[116],"Association":[117],"(RCHA),":[118],"is":[120,148],"represented":[121],"as":[122],"RCHA-Track.":[123,238],"The":[124,145,164],"Kalman":[125],"filter":[126],"combined":[127,174],"Enhanced":[130],"Correlation":[131],"Coefficient":[132],"(ECC)":[133],"provides":[134],"more":[135,189],"accurate":[136,190],"motion":[137],"under":[139],"influence":[141],"camera":[143],"motion.":[144],"record":[146],"confidence":[147],"designed":[149],"evaluate":[151],"loss":[153],"status":[154],"unseen":[157],"refine":[160],"trajectory.":[163],"normally":[165],"tracked":[166],"targets":[167,172],"are":[173],"perform":[176],"hierarchical":[178],"association":[179],"number":[183],"frames":[186],"achieve":[188],"data":[191],"associations.":[192],"Compared":[193],"latest":[196],"ByteTrack,":[197],"RCHA-Track":[198],"improves":[199],"MOTA,":[200],"IDF1,":[201],"HOTA":[203],"by":[204],"1.7%,":[205],"1.6%,":[206],"1.3%":[208],"benchmark":[211],"dataset":[212],"MOT17,":[213],"1.3%,":[215],"2.1%,":[216],"2.0%":[218],"MOT20,":[220],"respectively,":[221],"achieving":[222],"state-of-the-art":[223],"performance.":[224],"Extensive":[225],"ablation":[226],"experiments":[227],"demonstrate":[228],"effectiveness":[230],"each":[232],"key":[233],"module":[234],"proposed":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
