{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294671459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26421/qic15.13-14-7","title":"Perturbative gadgets without strong interactions","display_name":"Perturbative gadgets without strong interactions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294671459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26421/qic15.13-14-7","mag":"2294671459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26421/qic15.13-14-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26421/qic15.13-14-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41034432","display_name":"Quantum Information and Computation","issn_l":"1533-7146","issn":["1533-7146"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322612","host_organization_name":"Rinton Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322612"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rinton Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026258482","display_name":"Yudong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0201-3764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054193358","display_name":"Daniel Nagaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-9952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207624831","display_name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7qq074","country_code":"SK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207624831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147747303","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry of the Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02te3c603","country_code":"SK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147747303","https://openalex.org/I207624831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159745","display_name":"Institute of Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgxqt50","country_code":"SK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207624831","https://openalex.org/I4210159745"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Nagaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147747303","https://openalex.org/I4210159745","https://openalex.org/I207624831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054193358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147747303","https://openalex.org/I207624831","https://openalex.org/I4210159745"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87150144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"13&14","first_page":"1197","last_page":"1222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gadget","display_name":"Gadget","score":0.8909121155738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","score":0.7407985925674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5272454619407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5174480080604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.469105064868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44572651386260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.42878878116607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.36504387855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.358358770608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3401137590408325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119770614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5516347","display_name":"Gadget","level":2,"score":0.8909121155738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.7407985925674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5272454619407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5174480080604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.469105064868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44572651386260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.42878878116607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.36504387855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.358358770608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3401137590408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26421/qic15.13-14-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26421/qic15.13-14-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41034432","display_name":"Quantum Information and Computation","issn_l":"1533-7146","issn":["1533-7146"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322612","host_organization_name":"Rinton Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322612"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rinton Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.760.4145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.760.4145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.5881.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5402705470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHE-1037992","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5934993744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0808-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","funder_display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6698306783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APVV-0808-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","funder_display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7197094603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHE-1037992","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337393","funder_display_name":"Division of Chemistry"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091829618","display_name":"Centers for Chemical Innovation, Phase I:  Quantum Information and Computation for Chemistry","funder_award_id":"1037992","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8538158688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APVV-0808-12 QIMABOS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","funder_display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","ror":"https://ror.org/037nx0e70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334164","display_name":"Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California Berkeley","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337393","display_name":"Division of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar8dr59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509091111","https://openalex.org/W1556171410","https://openalex.org/W1576319607","https://openalex.org/W1630611670","https://openalex.org/W1837730394","https://openalex.org/W1965719193","https://openalex.org/W1968390152","https://openalex.org/W1977334048","https://openalex.org/W1989089374","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2018436438","https://openalex.org/W2019692968","https://openalex.org/W2023501952","https://openalex.org/W2037360229","https://openalex.org/W2038691311","https://openalex.org/W2043452671","https://openalex.org/W2044859676","https://openalex.org/W2050611284","https://openalex.org/W2070615909","https://openalex.org/W2143112402","https://openalex.org/W2146443256","https://openalex.org/W2153671025","https://openalex.org/W2171658431","https://openalex.org/W2273053709","https://openalex.org/W2895657145","https://openalex.org/W2952183029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252293060","https://openalex.org/W4212943538","https://openalex.org/W2475971442","https://openalex.org/W4312756098","https://openalex.org/W3194202522","https://openalex.org/W4319586723","https://openalex.org/W2206440698","https://openalex.org/W3091274767","https://openalex.org/W4295163867","https://openalex.org/W4312974239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Perturbative":[0],"gadgets":[1,154],"are":[2],"used":[3],"to":[4,19,57,95,108],"construct":[5],"a":[6,13,39,48,81,129,167,185],"quantum":[7,15,188],"Hamiltonian":[8,17,49],"whose":[9],"low-energy":[10],"subspace":[11],"approximates":[12,47],"given":[14],"$k$-local":[16,117],"up":[18,56],"an":[20],"absolute":[21,58],"error":[22,59],"$\\epsilon$.":[23,73],"Typically,":[24],"gadget":[25,41,93,111],"constructions":[26],"involve":[27],"terms":[28,143],"with":[29,180],"large":[30,130],"interaction":[31,51,142],"strengths":[32],"of":[33,50,63,67,87,135,141,147,164],"order":[34],"$\\text{poly}(\\epsilon^{-1})$.":[35],"Here":[36],"we":[37,121],"present":[38],"2-body":[40],"construction":[42,94,112],"and":[43,116,138],"prove":[44],"that":[45],"it":[46],"strength":[52,64],"$\\gamma":[53],"=":[54],"O(1)$":[55],"$\\epsilon\\ll\\gamma$":[60],"using":[61,124],"interactions":[62,127,183],"$O(\\epsilon)$":[65],"instead":[66],"the":[68,85,88,133,139],"usual":[69],"inverse":[70],"polynomial":[71],"in":[72,77,98,132,159],"A":[74],"key":[75],"component":[76],"our":[78,92],"proof":[79],"is":[80,128],"new":[82],"condition":[83],"for":[84,113,123],"convergence":[86],"perturbation":[89],"series,":[90],"allowing":[91],"be":[96],"applied":[97],"parallel":[99],"on":[100],"multiple":[101],"many-body":[102,189],"terms.":[103],"We":[104],"also":[105,176],"discuss":[106],"how":[107],"apply":[109],"this":[110],"approximating":[114],"3-":[115],"Hamiltonians.":[118],"The":[119],"price":[120],"pay":[122],"much":[125,186],"weaker":[126],"overhead":[131],"number":[134,140],"ancillary":[136],"qubits,":[137],"per":[144],"particle,":[145],"both":[146],"which":[148],"scale":[149],"as":[150],"$O(\\text{poly}(\\epsilon^{-1}))$.":[151],"Our":[152],"strong-from-weak":[153],"have":[155],"their":[156],"primary":[157],"application":[158],"complexity":[160],"theory":[161],"(QMA":[162],"hardness":[163],"restricted":[165],"Hamiltonians,":[166],"generalized":[168],"area":[169],"law":[170],"counterexample,":[171],"gap":[172],"amplification),":[173],"but":[174],"could":[175],"motivate":[177],"practical":[178],"implementations":[179],"several":[181],"weak":[182],"simulating":[184],"stronger":[187],"interaction.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
