{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6908471438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/15736","title":"Biometric Security System Design: From Mobile to Cloud Computing Environment","display_name":"Biometric Security System Design: From Mobile to Cloud Computing Environment","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6908471438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/15736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unsworks.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/52179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196481","display_name":"UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","host_organization_name":"UNSW Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/15736","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xi, Kai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.7447999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.7447999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.09430000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.03460000082850456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8436999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.6782000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-cloud-computing","display_name":"Mobile cloud computing","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-technology","display_name":"Mobile technology","score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.3668999969959259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8436999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.6782000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779191767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887075","display_name":"Mobile cloud computing","level":3,"score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60952562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887246","display_name":"Mobile technology","level":3,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127353759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887091","display_name":"Mobile database","level":4,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516764902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043805","display_name":"Mobile Web","level":4,"score":0.24789999425411224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.23639999330043793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191070858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428343","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","level":5,"score":0.22110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.21719999611377716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.20919999480247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20900000631809235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.20640000700950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.20419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.20190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.20160000026226044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19439999759197235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197378717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154408","display_name":"Mobile commerce","level":2,"score":0.19259999692440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.18970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.18449999392032623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160949748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365703","display_name":"Mobile payment","level":3,"score":0.18209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.181099995970726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.1753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.17190000414848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77109596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Application security","level":5,"score":0.17180000245571136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.1712000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.16740000247955322}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:unsworks.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/52179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196481","display_name":"UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","host_organization_name":"UNSW Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/52179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/52179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401737","display_name":"UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40053085","host_organization_name":"Australian Defence Force Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40053085"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"},{"id":"doi:10.26190/unsworks/15736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/15736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053176","display_name":"University of New South Wales","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26190/unsworks/15736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/15736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053176","display_name":"University of New South Wales","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.40692049264907837}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Worldwide":[0],"adoption":[1],"of":[2,24,131,142,186,218,366,376,403,441,552,587],"mobile":[3,85,100,126,133,171,233,252],"products":[4],"and":[5,41,62,86,105,169,250,283,325,359,413,419,454,465,507,521,542,575,653,703],"cloud":[6,87,272,301],"computing":[7,88,117],"services":[8],"not":[9,120,661],"only":[10,222,662],"continues,":[11],"but":[12,668],"is":[13,29,102,181,221,228,274,371,423,497,611,660,681],"accelerating.":[14],"Biometric":[15,462],"security":[16,82,464,577,675],"technology":[17,83],"shows":[18],"promising":[19],"in":[20,33,79,84,137,190,275,298,321,379,572,606,614],"addressing":[21],"the":[22,48,63,138,140,193,214,236,304,317,363,374,380,387,424,532,550,573,585,679,696],"issue":[23,370,389],"authenticating":[25],"genuine":[26,616],"user":[27,644],"that":[28,290,486,678],"a":[30,53,92,103,129,152,187,208,257,299,335,347,399,505,600,631,682],"fundamental":[31],"flaw":[32],"conventional":[34,194],"cryptography.":[35],"Conventional":[36,278],"biometric":[37,81,95,111,134,261,279,309,589],"applications,":[38],"specifically":[39,267],"verification":[40,210,341,375,393,495,515,563,667],"identification,":[42],"have":[43,459],"been":[44,460,622],"extensively":[45],"investigated":[46],"over":[47],"past":[49],"decades,":[50],"leading":[51],"to":[52,288,373,427,431,436,624],"significant":[54,439],"improvement.":[55],"However,":[56],"several":[57],"issues":[58],"are":[59,72,119,145,285,292,315,480,488],"still":[60,612],"unsolved":[61],"related":[64],"research":[65,76,472,620],"will":[66],"continue.":[67],"In":[68,149,382,500,628],"this":[69,150,383,501,629],"thesis,":[70,151,384,502,630],"we":[71,385,503,582],"working":[73],"on":[74,125,183,198,204,231,235,295,482,531,584],"four":[75],"problems":[77],"encountered":[78],"applying":[80],"environment.":[89],"Firstly,":[90],"designing":[91,256],"secure":[93,604,684],"user-side":[94],"authentication":[96,160,253,326,447],"approach":[97],"targeting":[98],"computation-constrained":[99],"devices":[101],"challenge":[104],"draws":[106],"great":[107],"attention.":[108],"Most":[109],"existing":[110,569],"methods,":[112],"which":[113,165,345,638],"normally":[114],"require":[115],"high-intensive":[116],"power,":[118],"specially":[121],"designed":[122],"for":[123,417,452,457,549,603,664,670,687],"operating":[124],"platforms.":[127],"Only":[128],"handful":[130],"low-end":[132],"solutions":[135],"exist":[136],"literature,":[139],"performances":[141],"which,":[143],"however,":[144],"far":[146,477],"from":[147,492],"acceptable.":[148],"computational":[153,704],"efficient":[154],"CPR-based":[155,410],"(Correlation":[156],"Pattern":[157],"Recognition)":[158],"face":[159,282],"scheme":[161,220,698],"(HCFA)":[162],"was":[163,636],"developed":[164,416,548],"suits":[166],"various":[167],"camera-equipped":[168],"java-enabled":[170],"devices.":[172],"The":[173,201,226,239,368,513,674],"proposed":[174,334,398,529,697],"partial":[175],"correlation":[176],"output":[177],"peak":[178],"analysis":[179],"(PCOPA)":[180],"operated":[182],"selected":[184],"sub-regions":[185],"facial":[188],"image,":[189],"conjunction":[191],"with":[192],"direct":[195],"cross-correlation":[196],"method":[197,342,516],"downsampling":[199],"images.":[200],"statistical":[202],"experiments":[203],"public":[205],"database":[206],"show":[207],"good":[209],"performance":[211,496],"results.":[212],"Moreover,":[213],"maximum":[215],"memory":[216],"consumption":[217],"such":[219,311,626,642,690],"around":[223],"500":[224],"KB.":[225],"running-time":[227],"acceptable":[229],"even":[230],"lowest-end":[232],"platforms":[234],"consumer":[237],"market.":[238],"HCFA":[240],"can":[241],"be":[242],"considered":[243],"as":[244,312,390,392,443,445,556,558,643,691],"an":[245,470,483,537,543],"efficient,":[246],"accurate,":[247],"implementable,":[248],"universal":[249],"maintainable":[251],"solution.":[254],"Secondly,":[255],"server-side":[258],"non-/low":[259,307],"intrusive":[260,308],"UAC":[262],"(user":[263],"access":[264],"control)":[265],"solution":[266,686],"towards":[268],"ultra-large-scale":[269],"network":[270,689],"(e.g.":[271],"computing)":[273],"urgent":[276],"demand.":[277],"characteristics,":[280],"e.g.":[281],"fingerprint,":[284],"so":[286],"sensitive":[287],"privacy":[289],"users":[291,617],"often":[293],"conservative":[294],"their":[296],"use":[297],"distributed":[300,692],"scenario.":[302],"On":[303],"other":[305],"hand,":[306],"techniques,":[310],"keystroke":[313,340,404,432],"dynamics,":[314],"facing":[316],"severe":[318],"scalability":[319,369,388],"(efficiency":[320],"large":[322],"network)":[323],"problem":[324],"accuracy":[327,394,564],"issue.":[328,395],"For":[329],"instance,":[330],"Gunetti":[331],"et":[332],"al.":[333],"classical":[336],"method,":[337,438],"namely":[338],"n-graph-based":[339],"(GP":[343],"method)":[344],"achieved":[346],"low":[348,360,494,700],"False":[349,355],"Acceptance":[350],"Rate":[351,357],"(FAR).":[352],"Nevertheless,":[353],"high":[354,446,576,683],"Rejection":[356],"(FRR)":[358],"efficiency":[361],"remain":[362],"greatest":[364],"shortcomings":[365],"it.":[367],"due":[372],"every":[377],"sample":[378],"database.":[381],"addressed":[386],"well":[391,444,557],"We":[396],"first":[397,425],"CPR-oriented":[400],"equivalent":[401],"representation":[402],"n-graph":[405],"pattern.":[406],"Then,":[407],"two":[408],"innovative":[409],"approaches,":[411],"nGdv-V":[412,453],"nGdv-C,":[414],"were":[415,528,547,579],"fast":[418],"accurate":[420],"verification.":[421],"It":[422],"time":[426],"systematically":[428],"apply":[429],"CPR":[430],"pattern":[433],"analysis.":[434],"Compared":[435],"GP":[437],"improvements":[440],"FRR":[442],"speed":[448],"gain":[449],"(1250":[450],"times":[451,456],"3":[455],"nGdv-C)":[458],"achieved.":[461],"template":[463],"bio-cryptographic":[466,560],"key":[467,633,648,651,672],"generation":[468],"become":[469],"emerging":[471],"topic.":[473],"Existing":[474],"fingerprint-based":[475],"solutions,":[476],"too":[478],"often,":[479],"based":[481,530],"unrealistic":[484],"assumption":[485],"images":[487],"pre-aligned":[489],"accurately.":[490],"Apart":[491],"alignment,":[493],"another":[498],"bottleneck.":[499],"demonstrated":[504],"rotation-":[506],"shift-free":[508],"minutia":[509,554],"local":[510],"structure":[511],"feature.":[512],"corresponding":[514],"Structure":[517,524],"Similarity":[518,525],"Estimate":[519,526],"(SSE)":[520],"Dual":[522],"Layer":[523],"(DLSSE)":[527],"features.":[533],"By":[534],"adopting":[535],"SSE/DLSSE,":[536],"enhanced":[538],"fingerprint":[539,658],"fuzzy":[540,545],"vault":[541],"improved":[544],"extractor":[546],"purpose":[551],"securing":[553],"templates":[555],"generating":[559],"key.":[561],"High":[562],"(EER":[565],"<":[566],"1%,":[567],"outperforms":[568],"major":[570],"methods":[571],"literature)":[574],"strength":[578],"exhibited.":[580],"Finally,":[581],"worked":[583],"idea":[586],"incorporating":[588],"into":[590],"excising":[591],"Public":[592],"Key":[593],"Infrastructure":[594],"(PKI)":[595],"architecture.":[596],"Although":[597],"PKI":[598],"offers":[599],"feasible":[601],"way":[602],"communication":[605,685],"untrustful":[607],"networked":[608],"environment,":[609],"it":[610],"weak":[613],"identifying":[615],"[150].":[618],"Little":[619],"has":[621],"done":[623],"address":[625],"issues.":[627],"bio-PKI":[632],"management":[634],"protocol":[635,680],"proposed,":[637],"possesses":[639],"multiple":[640],"roles":[641],"authentication,":[645],"symmetric":[646],"session":[647],"generation,":[649],"client-server":[650],"agreement":[652],"etc.":[654],"A":[655],"legal":[656],"user's":[657],"information":[659],"used":[663],"biometric-based":[665],"identity":[666],"also":[669],"cryptographic":[671],"generation.":[673],"analyses":[676],"prove":[677],"insecure":[688],"mobile-cloud":[693],"network.":[694],"Furthermore,":[695],"features":[699],"hardware":[701],"requirement":[702],"efficiency.":[705]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}