{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896003534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25781/kaust-4nl6h","title":"Free Space Optics for Next Generation Cellular Backhaul","display_name":"Free Space Optics for Next Generation Cellular Backhaul","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896003534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25781/kaust-4nl6h","mag":"2896003534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/621942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034479218","display_name":"Emna Zedini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zedini, Emna","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-8457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034479218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9275000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9122999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space","display_name":"Free space","score":0.5266832113265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.5073744654655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.42222684621810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41793763637542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36182665824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29028230905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2369166910648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.163410484790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1432897448539734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.5266832113265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.5073744654655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.42222684621810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41793763637542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36182665824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29028230905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2369166910648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.163410484790802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1432897448539734}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/621942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2896003534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/handle/10754/621942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.25781/kaust-4nl6h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25781/kaust-4nl6h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051967","display_name":"KAUST Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/621942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/621942","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896003534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896003534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886639090","https://openalex.org/W2735510697","https://openalex.org/W2548306662","https://openalex.org/W3088409244","https://openalex.org/W2128830419","https://openalex.org/W2767527882","https://openalex.org/W2737554629","https://openalex.org/W3120920924","https://openalex.org/W2954515563","https://openalex.org/W3114051075","https://openalex.org/W2168198891","https://openalex.org/W2740170689","https://openalex.org/W2591918515","https://openalex.org/W1978225294","https://openalex.org/W2043241973","https://openalex.org/W3150644492","https://openalex.org/W2075529379","https://openalex.org/W2079225408","https://openalex.org/W3106897279","https://openalex.org/W2053933708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"exponential":[1],"increase":[2],"in":[3,19,23,95,183,257,311],"the":[4,11,24,30,35,43,89,113,147,156,166,184,191,246,251,263,267,275,295,314,324,338],"number":[5],"of":[6,60,91,123,150,168,186,193,210,226,269,297,313,326],"mobile":[7,54],"users,":[8],"coupled":[9],"with":[10,112],"strong":[12],"demand":[13],"for":[14,141],"high-speed":[15],"data":[16,82,176],"services":[17],"results":[18,292],"a":[20,39,58,103,180,281,327],"significant":[21],"growth":[22],"required":[25],"cellular":[26,44,98,144],"backhaul":[27],"capacity.":[28],"Optimizing":[29],"cost":[31,104],"efficiency":[32],"while":[33,171],"increasing":[34],"capacity":[36],"is":[37,86,102,153,179,196,221,231,278,320],"becoming":[38,137],"key":[40,181],"challenge":[41],"to":[42,48,120,132,197,201,265,336],"backhaul.":[45,189],"It":[46],"refers":[47],"connections":[49],"between":[50],"base":[51],"stations":[52],"and":[53,68,106,130,162,243,304],"switching":[55],"nodes":[56],"over":[57,245],"variety":[59],"transport":[61],"technologies":[62,74],"such":[63,234,290],"as":[64,110,280,332,341,343],"copper,":[65],"optical":[66],"fibers,":[67],"radio":[69],"links.":[70],"These":[71],"traditional":[72,114],"transmission":[73,128],"are":[75,136,255,309],"either":[76],"expensive,":[77],"or":[78],"cannot":[79],"provide":[80,198],"high":[81,127,175],"rates.":[83],"This":[84,259,318],"work":[85,195],"focused":[87],"on":[88],"opportunities":[90],"free-space-optical":[92],"(FSO)":[93],"technology":[94],"next":[96,142],"generation":[97,143],"back-":[99],"haul.":[100],"FSO":[101,134,151,169,247,276,299,329],"effective":[105],"wide":[107],"bandwidth":[108],"solution":[109,140],"compared":[111],"radio-frequency":[115],"(RF)":[116],"transmission.":[117],"Moreover,":[118,223],"due":[119],"its":[121],"ease":[122],"deployment,":[124],"license-free":[125],"operation,":[126],"security,":[129],"insensitivity":[131],"interference,":[133],"links":[135,152],"an":[138,187,218,333],"attractive":[139],"networks.":[145],"However,":[146],"widespread":[148],"deployment":[149,185,325],"hampered":[154],"by":[155],"atmospheric":[157],"turbulence-induced":[158,339],"fading,":[159],"weather":[160],"conditions,":[161],"pointing":[163,344],"errors.":[164,345],"Increasing":[165],"reliability":[167],"systems,":[170,273,303],"still":[172],"exploiting":[173],"their":[174],"rate":[177],"communications,":[178],"requirement":[182],"FSO-based":[188],"Therefore,":[190],"aim":[192],"this":[194,207],"different":[199,286],"approaches":[200],"address":[202],"these":[203],"technical":[204],"challenges.":[205],"In":[206,233],"context,":[208],"investigation":[209],"hybrid":[211],"automatic":[212],"repeat":[213],"request":[214],"(HARQ)":[215],"protocols":[216],"from":[217],"information-theoretic":[219],"perspective":[220],"undertaken.":[222],"performance":[224,253,268,307],"analysis":[225,296],"asymmetric":[227],"RF/FSO":[228],"dual-hop":[229,270,298],"systems":[230],"studied.":[232],"system":[235,331],"models,":[236],"multiple":[237],"RF":[238,287],"users":[239],"can":[240],"be":[241],"multiplexed":[242],"sent":[244],"link.":[248],"More":[249],"specifically,":[250],"end-to-end":[252],"metrics":[254,308],"presented":[256,310],"closed-form.":[258],"also":[260],"has":[261],"increased":[262],"interest":[264],"study":[266],"mixed":[271],"FSO/RF":[272],"where":[274],"link":[277],"used":[279],"multicast":[282],"channel":[283],"that":[284],"serves":[285],"users.":[288],"Having":[289],"interesting":[291],"motivates":[293],"further":[294,321],"fixed-gain":[300],"relaying":[301,330],"communication":[302],"exact":[305],"closed-form":[306],"terms":[312],"bivariate":[315],"H-Fox":[316],"function.":[317],"model":[319],"enhanced":[322],"through":[323],"multihop":[328],"efficient":[334],"technique":[335],"mitigate":[337],"fading":[340],"well":[342]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
